材料力学冲击问题中结构阻尼的影响分析  

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL DAMPING ON IMPACT PROBLEM IN MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

作　　者：吴蒙蒙 杨少红 黄方[1] 孙亮 贲月 WU Mengmeng;YANG Shaohong;HUANG Fang;SUN Liang;BEN Yue(Department of Basic Courses,Naval Engineering University,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学基础部,武汉430033

出　　处：《力学与实践》2025年第1期228-232,共5页Mechanics in Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51679246);湖北高校省级教学研究项目(2021479);2024海军工程大学教育科学研究课题(NUE2024ER10)资助。

摘　　要：材料力学中引入假设简化冲击问题,易造成对工程实际冲击过程理解上的偏差,为提高课堂教学的创新性和挑战度,本文设计了钢球-弹簧冲击实验装置,通过实验研讨了冲击动荷因数的测量结果与教材能量法计算值的偏差,并运用单自由度阻尼系统的振动理论分析了结构阻尼对冲击动荷因数的影响,通过算例验证了增大阻尼可减小冲击动荷因数。实践表明,采用理论与实验相结合的教学法加深了学生对冲击过程的直观感受和完整理解,培养了学生解决复杂力学问题的综合能力和创新思维。The introduction of assumptions to simplify impact problems in materials mechanics can easily lead to deviations in understanding the actual impact processes in engineering.In order to improve the innovation and challenge of teaching,this paper proposes a steel ball-spring impact experimental device.Through experiments,the discrepancies between the measurement results of the impact dynamic load factor and the calculated values of the textbook energy method are discussed.Furthermore,the vibration theory of a single degree of freedom damping system is used to analyze the influence of structural damping on the impact dynamic load factor.In addition,numerical examples have verified that increasing damping can reduce the impact dynamic load factor.Practice has demonstrated that the combination of theory and experiment deepens students'intuitive perception and comprehensive understanding of the impact process,and cultivates their comprehensive ability and innovative thinking in solving complex mechanical problems.

关 键 词：冲击问题 冲击动荷因数 结构阻尼 综合能力和创新思维 

分 类 号：O341[理学—固体力学]