2014-2022年银川市心脑血管疾病死亡特征及趋势分析  

Analysis of mortality characteristics and trends of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Yinchuan City in 2014-2022

作　　者：王晓霞 董亚平 王亚丹 汤榕[3] WANG Xiaoxia;DONG Yaping;WANG Yadan;TANG Rong(Comprehensive Business Section,Yinchuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan 750011,China;Public Health Department,Yinchuan Xingqing District Health Education Center,Yinchuan 750005,China;School of Humanities and Management,Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]银川市疾病预防控制中心综合业务科,宁夏银川750011 [2]银川市兴庆区健康教育所公共卫生科,宁夏银川750005 [3]宁夏医科大学人文与管理学院,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《健康研究》2025年第1期16-21,共6页Health Research

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2023A0865)。

摘　　要：目的分析2014-2022年银川市心脑血管疾病的死亡特征及其变化趋势,为心脑血管疾病防制提供依据。方法运用Joinpoint模型和SPSS软件对资料进行分析处理,计算平均年度变化百分比(average annual percentage change,AAPC)、粗死亡率和标化死亡率,分析银川市心脑血管疾病的变化趋势。结果2014-2022年,银川市心脑血管疾病粗死亡率为162.04/10万,标化死亡率为127.27/10万,占全死因的40.59%,且粗死亡率以年均1.47%(AAPC=-1.47%)的速度下降,标化死亡率以年均2.55%(AAPC=2.55%)的速度上升(均P﹤0.05)。男性粗死亡率和标化死亡率均高于女性,但85岁及以上人群心脏病的死亡率女性高于男性,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。银川市心脑血管疾病的死亡率随年龄增长而增加,45岁及以上呈现指数型增长态势;冠心病、高血压性心脏病、脑梗死和其他高血压病的标化死亡率仍呈上升趋势。结论银川市心脑血管疾病的防控压力较重,应将男性、高龄人群等高危群体纳入重点干预对象,建议针对不同年龄、不同性别的人群和不同病种特点采取有效干预措施,做好心脑血管疾病的防控工作。Objective To analyze the mortality characteristics and trends of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Yinchuan City from 2014 to 2022,thereby providing evidence for the prevention and control of these diseases.Methods Data were analyzed using the Joinpoint model and SPSS software.The average annual percentage change(AAPC),crude mortality rate,and standardized mortality rate were calculated to assess the trends in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease mortality in Yinchuan.Results From 2014 to 2022,the crude mortality rate for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Yinchuan was 162.04 per 100000,and the standardized mortality rate was 127.27 per 100000,accounting for 40.59%of all causes of death.The crude mortality rate decreased at an average annual rate of 1.47%(AAPC=-1.47%),whereas the standardized mortality rate increased at an average annual rate of 2.55%(AAPC=2.55%)(both P<0.05).Both the crude and standardized mortality rates in males were higher than those in females;however,among individuals aged 85 years and above,the mortality rate from heart disease was significantly higher in females than in males(P<0.05).In Yinchuan,the mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases increased with age,showing an exponential growth pattern among those aged 45 years and above.Moreover,the standardized mortality rates for coronary heart disease,hypertensive heart disease,cerebral infarction,and other hypertensive conditions continued to rise.Conclusions The burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Yinchuan is substantial.High-risk groups,particularly males and the elderly,should be prioritized for targeted interventions.It is recommended that effective measures tailored to different age groups,genders,and specific disease profiles be implemented to improve the prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

关 键 词：心脑血管疾病 死亡率 变化趋势 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]