美国氦工业发展历程、氦资源勘探进展及启示  

Helium resources in the USA:Industrial development,exploration and enlightenment

作　　者：王海华[1,2] WANG Haihua(National Geological Library of China,Beijing 100083,China;Geoscience Documentation Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质图书馆,北京100083 [2]中国地质调查局地学文献中心,北京100083

出　　处：《天然气技术与经济》2025年第1期76-82,共7页Natural Gas Technology and Economy

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目“地球科学文献知识服务与决策支撑”(编号:DD20230139);“自然资源情报跟踪与研究”(编号:DD20221794)。

摘　　要：氦气广泛应用于商业、工业、医疗、国防和科学研究等多个领域。然而,中国目前面临氦气供应短缺的问题,对外依存度高达90%,主要进口国包括美国、卡塔尔、澳大利亚等国,资源安全形势严峻。为了有效解决中国面临的氦气供应短缺及资源安全形势严峻的问题,以世界上最大的氦气生产国、消费国和出口国美国为研究对象,基于国内外广泛的文献调研及数据整理,分析了美国氦工业的发展进程、政府对氦气和天然气的政策及氦气资源勘探进展情况。研究结果表明:①美国氦工业的发展历史悠久、氦气相关政策深刻影响氦工业的发展及氦资源的勘探进展,可为其他国家的氦气产业发展提供经验和借鉴;②美国氦气资源的勘探方向已发生转变,氦气从最初作为常规烃类天然气田开采的副产品已逐步成为主要勘探目标之一。结论认为:①中国应制定法规明确氦气战略地位,强化行业管理;②制定氦储备战略,建立氦储备平衡供需;③研究氦气富集规律,探索在不同的地质环境中寻找氦勘探目标;④应加强与氦资源富国,特别是“一带一路”国家的合作,开展相关国际合作项目,以解决氦资源供应问题、提升氦安全保障能力。Helium has been widely used in numerous fields such as commerce,industry,healthcare,national defense,and scientific research.However,it is in short supply in China and its external dependence rate attains as high as 90%.Most of helium is primarily imported from the USA,Qatar and Australia,leading to severe resource safety.Thus,taken the USA which is the world's largest helium producer,consumer and exporter as an objective to analyze the development history of its helium industry,the government's policies on helium and natural gas,and the helium resource exploration through re-viewing lots of domestic and foreign literature.Results show that(i)the American helium industry has a long development history,and the policies related to helium gas have a profound impact on both industrial development and exploration prog-ress.And American experience may provide reference for other countries;and(ii)helium is becoming one of the main ex-ploration targets in the USA in spite of a by-product of conventional gas in its initial exploration.In conclusion,China should make rules to ascertain helium's strategic role and strengthen its industrial governance,to strategize helium reserves and build the reserves to balance supply and demand,to find out helium accumulation laws and explore additional explora-tion targets in different geological setting,to strengthen international cooperation with a greater range of countries rich in he-lium resources,especially those along the"the Belt and Road",and to carry out cooperation projects to solve the problem of helium resource supply and improve helium security insurance.

关 键 词：氦气 发展历程 氦储备 勘探开发 政策建议 美国 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]