400 t/d生活垃圾焚烧炉结焦原因实测分析及抑制结焦措施研究  

Measurement and Analysis of the Causes of Coking in a 400 t/d Domestic Waste Incinerator and Researchon Measures to Suppress Coking

作　　者：黄俊宾 刘嘉晋 钟志刚 黄勇 武志林 闫云飞[2,3] 杨仲卿[2,3] HUANG Junbin;LIU Jiajin;ZHONG Zhigang;HUANG Yong;WU Zhilin;YAN Yunfei;YANG Zhongqing(Shenzhen Bao’an District Shenneng Environmental Protection Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518100,China;Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technology and Systems,Ministry of Education,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区深能环保有限公司,广东深圳518100 [2]重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室,重庆400030 [3]重庆大学能源与动力工程学院,重庆400030

出　　处：《锅炉技术》2025年第1期66-71,共6页Boiler Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51876014);重庆市生活垃圾资源化协同创新中心项目(shljzyh2017004)。

摘　　要：垃圾焚烧炉结焦会阻碍烟气流通与管屏吸热,同时清焦过程中焦样容易产生裂纹并坠落,影响垃圾发电厂长周期安全稳定运行。从焦样自身性质、垃圾热值变化与运行参数变化探究垃圾焚烧炉结焦的原因。由于生活垃圾热值较设计值平均升高1.22倍,且碱金属含量高,在燃烧过程中易与其他物质生成低熔点的复合物,同时运行参数配置的不合理导致了结焦现象的产生及加剧。针对结焦原因提出相应的处理措施,对炉膛受热壁面进行改造。将受热壁面的耐火材料由刚玉莫来石替换为SiC浇注料,可以提升炉膛辐射受热面吸热量至1670.53 kJ/kg;保持平均一次风量44411.1 m^(3)/h、二次风量11102.8 m^(3)/h,可以使垃圾尽可能燃烧完全。同时对入炉垃圾进行检测,合理安排发酵时间,避免入炉垃圾热值波动剧烈,使锅炉维持安全、稳定运行。The coking of the waste incinerator can hinder the flow of flue gas and the absorption of heat by the tube panel.At the same time,during the cleaning process,the coke sample is prone to cracking and falling,which affects the long-term safe and stable operation of the waste power plant.This article explores the causes of coking in waste incinerators from the perspective of the properties of the coke sample itself,changes in waste calorific value,and changes in operating parameters.Due to an average increase of 1.22 times in the calorific value of household waste compared to the design value and a high content of alkali metals,it is easy to form low melting point compounds with other substances during the combustion process.At the same time,the unreasonable configuration of operating parameters has led to the occurrence and intensification of coking phenomenon;And corresponding treatment measures are proposed for the cause of coking.Replacing the refractory material on the heating wall with SiC castable instead of corundum mullite can increase the heat absorption of the furnace radiation heating surface to 1670.53 kJ/kg,maintain an average primary air volume of 44411.1 m^(3)/h,and a secondary air volume of 11102.8 m^(3)/h,which can make the waste burn completely as much as possible.At the same time,the waste entering the furnace is detected,and the fermentation time is reasonably arranged to avoid severe fluctuations in the calorific value of the waste entering the furnace,thus to maintain safe and stable operation of the boiler.

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧 炉膛结焦 垃圾热值 抑制结焦措施 运行参数分析 

分 类 号：TK227[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]