数据生产和流通阶段不公平数据使用条款的效力规制  

Regulation on the Effectiveness of Unfair Data Usage Terms in the Stage of Data Production and Circulation

作　　者：于弋涵 Yu Yihan

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海201620

出　　处：《天府新论》2025年第2期26-40,155,156,共17页New Horizons from Tianfu

摘　　要：当事人通过订立数据使用条款实现数据的共享和流通。数据使用条款不仅界定了数据的合法使用权限,而且是数据治理合同路径的基础。当数据使用条款以格式条款形式存在时,对不公平格式条款进行效力规制,是实现数据权益公平配置和维护数据流通秩序的关键。数据使用条款可应用于数据生产和流通两个阶段,应根据数据生产和流通的不同场景设定不公平条款的审查标准。在数据生产阶段,数据价值贡献者通过数据使用条款实现数据的内部共享,该条款与当事人的基础业务关系存在关联性。应区分数字产品和智能互联产品的数据生成场景,分别构建共同生成数据的权益分配规则。在数据流通阶段,市场主体通过数据交易或提供数据服务实现数据的外部流通,应分别以买卖合同和承揽合同规则为基准构造任意法规范。若数据使用条款严重偏离合同任意法规范并违背基本法律思想,该条款可能被审查为不公平。The parties concerned realize the sharing and circulation of data by concluding data usage terms.Data usage terms not only define the legal use rights of data,but also are the basis of data governance contract path.When data usage terms are presented in the form of format terms,the regulation on the effective⁃ness of unfair format terms is the key to achieve the fair allocation of data rights and interests and maintain the order of data circulation.The data usage terms can be applied to both the data production and circulation sta⁃ges,and the review criteria of unfair terms should be set according to the different scenarios of data production and circulation.In the data production stage,the data value contributors realize the internal sharing of data through the data usage terms,which are related to the basic business relationship of the parties.The data pro⁃duction scenarios of digital products and smart connected products should be distinguished,and the rights and interests distribution rules of jointly generated data should be constructed respectively.In the data circulation stage,the market subjects realize the external circulation of data through data trading or providing data serv⁃ices,and should construct arbitrary law norms based on the rules of the sales contract and the contract of work respectively.If the data usage terms seriously deviate from the arbitrary law norms of the contract and violate the basic legal principles,such terms may be reviewed as unfair.

关 键 词：数据使用条款 格式条款 数字产品 智能互联产品 数据治理 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D923[政治法律—法学]