皇权到底下不下县?--兼论中国传统社会基层治理及其当代意义  

Does the Imperial Power Extend Below the County-level?--A Discussion on Grassroots Governance in Traditional Chinese Society and Its Contemporary Significance

作　　者：靳永翥 姚雨汐 Jin Yongzhu;Yao Yuxi

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学公共管理学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《天府新论》2025年第2期105-118,159,共15页New Horizons from Tianfu

摘　　要：作为对既有中国历史常识的理论置辩,“皇权到底下不下县”近年来引起了学界的高度关注。从古代、近代的“皇权不下县”到现当代的“社区自治”,国家从未停止对基层社会的实践探索与治理创新。揆诸中国本土历史,通过对“皇权”真正内涵的挖掘与对传统中国乡村治理的历史分析,重新解读“皇权不下县”,并以此探究“皇权不下县”背景下的国家体制架构与权力运行逻辑,最终可将“皇权不下县”的原因归结为中国古代政治形态的落后、生产力低下造成的“科层断裂”和传统中国政治家们对社会风险化解与基层治理体系构建的智慧。总体而言,可将其视为国家与社会在不断磨合中形成稳固结构的必然要求,而其中“自我治理”的理论内涵对于探究现代中国基层社会治理模式具有极其重要的思辨意义。As a theoretical argument for the existing common sense of Chinese history,the concept of“whether the imperial power extends below the county-level or not”has attracted great attention from the aca⁃demic community in recent years.From the ancient and modern era of“imperial power not extending below the county-level”to the contemporary era of“community autonomy”,the state has never stopped the practical ex⁃ploration and governance innovation of grassroots society.Based on the local history of China,this paper ex⁃plores the true connotation of“imperial power”and analyzes the history of traditional rural governance in Chi⁃na,reinterpreting the concept of“imperial power not extending below the county-level”and exploring the na⁃tional system structure and power operation logic under the background of“imperial power not extending below the county-level”.The ultimate reason for the“imperial power not extending below the county-level”can be attributed to the backwardness of ancient Chinese political forms and low productivity,resulting in a“bureau⁃cratic fracture”,and the wisdom of traditional Chinese politicians in resolving social risks and building grass⁃roots governance systems.Overall,it can be said that it is an inevitable requirement for the state and society to form a stable structure through continuous adjustment,and the theoretical connotation of“self governance”has extremely important speculative significance for exploring the modern grassroots social governance mode in China.

关 键 词：皇权不下县 权力运行逻辑 基层社会治理 社区自治 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] D630[政治法律—中外政治制度]