超越“马尔萨斯陷阱”之后绿色发展的必然与应然  

To Be and Ought to Be for Green Development Beyond the“Malthusian Trap”

作　　者：卢风[1,2] Lu Feng

机构地区：[1]清华大学哲学系,北京100084 [2]清华大学生态文明研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2025年第1期23-30,F0002,157,共10页Journal of Poyang Lake

摘　　要：现代化的重要标志是创新速率的加快。发展之“硬”道理主要在于不经过工业化发展,劳动者的物质生活水平就不可能超越非人动物的生活水平。现代化最重要的成果,就是使人类文明超越“马尔萨斯陷阱”,让劳动人民摆脱绝对贫困,享受与人的尊严相称的物质文明。但工业革命以来的发展,是大量使用化石燃料且污染环境、损害生态健康的“黑色发展”。新科学和全球性生态危机表明,“黑色发展”是不可持续且十分危险的,支持现代发展观的自然观、知识论和价值论是错误的。人类文明只有从“黑色发展”转向“绿色发展”,才可能和平持续地发展。绿色发展是人与自然和谐共生的发展,是逐渐减少乃至停止使用化石燃料的发展,是依赖于绿色创新的发展。为走向绿色发展,必须由“线性经济”转向“循环经济”,并缩小贫富差距。An important sign of modernization is the accelerating rate of innovation.Development is the absolute principle because it is impossible for the material standard of living of the working people to surpass that of the non-human animals without the development of modern industry.The most important achievement of modernization is that it has enabled human civilization to transcend the“Malthusian trap”,thereby freeing working people from absolute poverty and enjoying material civilization commensurate with human dignity.However,the development since the Industrial Revolution is“black development”,which heavily relies on fossil fuels,pollutes the environment,and harms ecological health.New science and the global ecological crisis show that“black development”is unsustainable and highly perilous.There are flaws in the natural outlook,epistemology,and axiology that support the view of modern development.Only by shifting from“black development”to“green development”can human civilization develop peacefully and sustainably.Green development means a harmonious coexistence between man and nature,a gradual reduction and eventual cessation of fossil fuel use,and a reliance on green innovation.In order to move towards green development,it is imperative to shift from a“linear economy”to a“circular economy”and narrow the wealth gap.

关 键 词：马尔萨斯陷阱 黑色发展 绿色发展 绿色创新 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济] F091.3