唐宋以降长江中下游地区的圩田开发对扬子鳄生境的影响  

The Impact of Polder Development on the Habitat of the Chinese Alligator in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River since the Tang and Song Dynasties

作　　者：许小燕 王旭 Xu Xiaoyan;Wang Xu

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院,江苏扬州225002

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2025年第1期64-77,158,共15页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“唐宋江运交汇区的发展进程及其区域地位研究”(编号:24LSA001)。

摘　　要：扬子鳄作为珍稀物种,其生存环境的变化与历史时期长江中下游地区的圩田开发息息相关。扬子鳄作为穴居动物,其筑巢行为使圩堤易溃,古代圩民们为了护堤保圩多对其进行搜寻捕杀,并填实其洞穴,直接破坏了扬子鳄的生存环境。唐宋以降,随着圩田开发进程的加快,湿地大规模减少,圩田趋于小型化,圩田干田化及旱涝灾害频繁发生,圩区民众冬春修圩、旱季引水灌溉等活动使扬子鳄生境趋于恶化,种群数量日益减少。重新审视长江流域人类活动与动物生境的关系,可为当前和今后相当长一个时期修复长江生态环境提供有益的历史镜鉴。The changes in the habitat of the Chinese alligator,a rare species,are intricately linked to the polder development in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River throughout history.As a burrowing animal,the Chinese alligator makes the polder dikes prone to breaches due to its nesting behavior.To protect the dikes and maintain the polders,ancient polder keepers often hunted alligators and filled their burrows,directly damaging their habitat.Since the Tang and Song dynasties,with the acceleration of polder development,wetlands have been significantly reduced,and polder fields have become smaller.The drying-up of polder fields and the frequent occurrence of floods and droughts,coupled with the activities of polder area residents such as repairing the polder dikes in winter and spring and irrigating in dry seasons,have gradually degraded the habitat of the Chinese alligators,leading to a decline in their population.Re-examining the relationship between human activities and animal habitats in the Yangtze River basin can provide valuable historical insights for the ongoing and future restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：唐宋以降 长江中下游地区 圩田开发 扬子鳄生境 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学] Q958[历史地理—中国史]