从增产节约到环境保护——20世纪50—70年代中国工业资源综合利用的演变  

From Increasing Production and Conservation to Environmental Protection:The Evolution of China's Comprehensive Utilization of Industrial Resources from the 1950s to the 1970s

作　　者：刘俊辰 郭爱民[1] Liu Junchen;Guo Aimin

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学中国经济史研究所,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《鄱阳湖学刊》2025年第1期78-89,158,159,共14页Journal of Poyang Lake

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“20世纪中、后期政府规制下南化公司环保事业的推进”(编号:KYCX23-1632);江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“南京化学工业公司(原永利铔厂)近百年档案整理与研究”(编号:23LSA002)。

摘　　要：工业资源综合利用是推进工业绿色发展、实现资源高效利用和环境保护的重要手段。新中国成立后,工业资源的综合利用属增产节约运动的一部分,是工矿企业的工作重心,有助于挖掘工矿企业的生产潜力。至20世纪70年代,伴随中国工业生产规模的扩大,大量工业废物流失于自然环境中,造成了严重的工业污染,但受资金、技术和体制等方面的制约,中国难以直接投入大量资源进行源头治理。20世纪70年代后,在世界环境意识觉醒以及国内严重污染形势的冲击下,中国工矿企业通过废物综合利用变“害”为“利”,在局部实现了环境效益、经济效益以及社会效益的统一。中国工业资源综合利用重心从增产节约向环境保护的转移,开启了中国环保事业的新征程。The comprehensive utilization of industrial resources is an important means of promoting the green development of industry and achieving efficient utilization of resources and environmental protection.After the founding of People's Republic of China,the comprehensive utilization of industrial resources was part of the campaign to increase production and conserve resources.As the central focus of work for industrial and mining enterprises,it helped to tap the production potential of these enterprises.In the 1970s,with the expansion of China's industrial production scale,a large amount of industrial waste was released into the natural environment,causing serious industrial pollution,but due to the constraints of funding,technology and institutional factors,it was difficult for China to directly invest a large amount of resources to control industrial pollution from the source.After the 1970s,influenced by the awakening of the world's environmental consciousness and China's domestic pollution crisis,China's industrial and mining enterprises turned“harm”into“benefit”through the comprehensive utilization of waste,achieving a partial integration of environmental,economic and social benefits.The shift of the focus of China's comprehensive industrial utilization from increasing production and conservation to environmental protection marked the beginning of a new journey for China's environmental protection efforts.

关 键 词：资源综合利用 增产节约 工业污染治理 环境保护 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]