上海地区主要水系水环境质量综合评价与分析  

Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis ofWater Environment Quality in Major Water Systems of the Shanghai Region

作　　者：邱君景 QIU Junjing(Shanghai Hydraulic Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,LTD.,Shanghai,200232)

机构地区：[1]上海市水利工程设计研究院有限公司,上海200232

出　　处：《水利水电工程设计》2025年第1期13-16,共4页Design of Water Resources & Hydroelectric Engineering

摘　　要：为探究上海地区主要水系水质状况及污染特征,选取上海市地表水水质监测站2020—2023年多个地区监测数据,采用单因子评价法、综合污染指数法和主成分分析法对上海地区主要水系水环境质量进行综合评价。评价结果表明,从总体来看,2020—2023年上海地区主要水系整体水质良好;从时间上来看,2023年的水质相较于2020—2022年有所改善,呈现更为优良的水生态状态;从空间上来看,浦东新区区域的水质污染相对较为严重。上海地区水系水质主要受氨氮、化学需氧量和总磷影响较大,结合上海市的城市规划和环保政策,对水环境保护提出了针对性的建议与对策,包括加强污染源控制、提升水体自净能力以及推动流域综合治理等。研究结果为制定科学合理的水环境管理策略提供重要参考,也为其他地区水环境质量的评价与治理提供借鉴。This study aims to assess the water quality status and pollution characteristics of Shanghai’s major water systems.Utilizing data from multiple surface water quality monitoring stations across Shanghai collected between 2020 and 2023,a comprehensive evaluation is conducted using the single factor evaluation method,comprehensive pollution index method,and principal component analysis.The results indicate that overall water quality in Shanghai’s major water systems is good from 2020 to 2023.Temporally,water quality is better in 2023 compared to 2020—2022,presenting a more favorable aquatic ecological state.Spatially,the Pudong New Area exhibits relatively more severe water pollution.The primary pollutants affecting the water quality in Shanghai’s water systems are ammonia nitrogen,chemical oxygen demand(COD),and total phosphorus.Based on Shanghai’s urban planning and environmental protection policies,targeted recommendations and strategies for water environment protection are proposed,including strengthening pollution source control,enhancing the self-purification capacity of water bodies,and promoting integrated basin management.The findings provide important references for government departments in formulating scientific and effective water environment management strategies and offer valuable insights for evaluating and managing water quality in other cities.

关 键 词：水质评价 单因子评价法 综合污染指数法 主成分分析法 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]