水下平台发射噪声声源排序的理论分析和试验验证  

Analytical and experimental research on sorting of launching noise source of underwater platflorm

作　　者：杨琼方[1] 张晓平 张明敏[3] YANG Qiongfang;ZHANG Xiaoping;ZHANG Mingmin(College of Marine Power Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;National Key Laboratory for Vessel Integrated Power System Technology,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China;College of Electronic Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学动力工程学院,湖北武汉430033 [2]海军工程大学舰船综合电力技术国防科技重点实验室,湖北武汉430033 [3]海军工程大学电子工程学院,湖北武汉430033

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2025年第2期403-410,共8页Journal of Vibration Engineering

摘　　要：为了解析水下平台发射噪声的主要声源排序,以典型气水缸发射装置试验样机为对象,对发射噪声子声源及其贡献度进行了理论分析和试验测量。发射噪声传递通道包括船体结构通道和发射管路形成的海水连通域通道。13项子声源中,主要子声源包括气水缸机脚振动、水缸筒壁振动、发射管壁振动和活塞轴向脉动力源4项结构振动噪声以及活塞与端盖撞击引起的1项冲击振动噪声。前者经两条通道传播,后者以海水连通域传播为主。射流噪声不是主要子声源。舱室空气噪声表现为存在阶跃的白噪声,高频段能量较为集中,对结构振动噪声贡献较小。气水缸机脚垂向振动和水缸筒壁径向振动幅值受活塞始端和终端撞击作用影响显著,水缸和气缸的机脚垂向振动瞬时冲击峰值较主柴油机振动大1个量级;发射管壁径向振动脉冲峰值时刻与活塞终端撞击作用对应;三者平均振级排序是:气水缸机脚振动、水缸筒壁振动和发射管壁振动。To gain a deeper insight into the sorting of main launching noise sources in underwater weapons,different sub-noise sources and their contribution to the overall radiation noise are analyzed through both analytical and experimental research,focusing on the typical gas-water tank launching device trial model.The acoustic transmission channels of launching noise include hull struc-ture and the seawater-connected domain formed by the pipeline system through which the weapons travels.In the concluded thir-teen sub-noise sources,the primary components include 4 structural vibration noises and one impact vibration noise.The former are caused by gas tank seat vibration,tank cylinder wall vibration,torpedo tube wall vibration and piston axial fluctuating force source,all of which radiate noise through two transmission channels.The impact vibration is induced by the piston striking the end wall of the tank and radiates noise mainly through the connected domain.The jet noise radiated by the tube exit flow is comparable to the radiation noise of a quasi-quiet submarine in navigation and makes less contribution to the overall launching noise.The air-borne noise of the launching device presents broadband white noise with stepwise elevation,mainly concentrated in high-frequency band,with minimal contribution to the structural vibration noise.The vertical vibration of the gas tank seat and the radial vibration of the tank cylinder wall are significantly affected by the piston’s startup and end crash.The instantaneous vertical impact peak val-ue is one order of magnitude higher than a typical ship diesel engine’s periodic vibration.The radial vibration pulse peak of the tube wall is corresponded to the moment of the piston’s end crash.The ranking of the average vibration levels for the three vibration sources is as follows:gas tank seat vibration,tank cylinder wall vibration,and tube wall vibration.

关 键 词：发射噪声 冲击振动噪声 结构振动噪声 射流噪声 

分 类 号：O427.5[理学—声学] TB561[理学—物理]