历史比较视角下党内同级相互监督制度演变  

The Institutional Evolution of Intra-Party Peer Supervision From the Perspective of Historical Comparison

作　　者：彭文龙 PENG Wenlong(Center for Anti-Corruption Studies,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330031,China;School of Public Policy and Administration,Nanchang University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学廉政研究中心,江西南昌330031 [2]南昌大学公共政策与管理学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《广州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期59-70,共12页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(22ADJ008)。

摘　　要：中国共产党党内同级相互监督制度演变可分为四个阶段,即由模仿俄共(布)监察委员会制度,到中央审查委员会和中央党务委员会建立而孕育出纪律检查职能,到全党范围内建立作为各级党委之下的党内监督机构,再到1955年监察委员会重建并不断强化对同级党委的监督权力。历史发展表明,同级相互监督制度与民主集中制存在紧张关系。党的十一届三中全会后,党中央重建纪委,不断强化纪委的双重领导制度,赋予了纪委双重身份,造就了同级相互监督的两层内涵。党的十八大以来,党中央通过党内监督制度建构、纪委分级负责制、加强对“一把手”和领导班子监督等,在民主集中制和党内政治生活的基本制度基础上解决了同级相互监督难题,建构了一个密度更大、制约更有力的合作式权力监督制度。党内同级相互监督制度由外生到内生的发展历程,彰显了其持久的生机与活力,也展现了中国特色权力监督制度的优越性。The institutional evolution of intra-party peer supervision of the Communist Party of China can be divided into four stages,namely,from imitating the supervisory committee system of the Communist Party of Russia(Bolsheviks)to the discipline inspection function created by the establishment of the Central Review Committee and the Central Party Affairs Committee of the CPC,to the establishment of the Party′s internal supervision institutions under the Party committees at all levels throughout the Party,and to the reconstruction of the Supervisory Committee in 1955 and the continuous strengthening of the supervision power over the party committees at the same level.Historical development shows that there exists a corresponding tension between the system of mutual supervision at the same level and democratic centralism.After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Party,the Party Central Committee rebuilt the Discipline Inspection Commission and continuously strengthened its dual leadership system,giving the Discipline Inspection Commission a dual identity and creating two levels of connotation of mutual supervision at the same level.Since the 18th CPC National Congress,the CPC Central Committee has solved the problem of mutual supervision at the same level on the basis of democratic centralism and the basic system of intra-Party political life through the construction of the intra-Party supervision system,the hierarchical responsibility system of the Commission for Discipline Inspection,and the strengthening of supervision over the″top leader″and the leadership team,and has built a more dense and more restrictive cooperative power supervision system.The development process of the intra-Party mutual supervision system from exogenous to endogenous has demonstrated its lasting liveliness and vitality,and also demonstrated the superiority of the power supervision system with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：中国共产党 党内监督 制度演变 同级相互监督 历史制度主义 

分 类 号：D630.9[政治法律—政治学]