律师何以追求正义?——一个契约范式的回应  

How Lawyers Seek Justice:A Response to a Contract Paradigm

作　　者：蒋超 JIANG Chao(Intellectual Property College,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学知识产权学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《广州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期97-111,共15页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金项目(22FXD007)。

摘　　要：我国《律师法》明文规定律师职业应当追求社会正义,但正义的属性在当前市场经济的条件下备受质疑。利用身份范式为律师正义提供证成是学术界的传统做法,这在中西方分别表现为“国家主义”与“职业主义”。然而身份正义是一种“单向度的正义”,表现在伦理上的家长主义倾向、认知上的公私对立观念、实践上的反思匮乏样态,加之身份社会已然过去的事实,使得身份范式不再能够解释律师正义。契约范式将律师正义解释为一种互惠性的利他行为,律师正义是在律师职业与国家、社会的交换过程中实现的,这符合当前契约社会的现实。且契约正义代表了一种“多向度的正义”,它从各个层面皆超越了身份正义,表现为:伦理上确立了相对方的尊严;认知上转向“活私开公”;实践上重视反思与批判。考察我国律师职业的发展历程,契约范式在我国亦具有本土适应性,可以为当前的律师制度改革提供诸多启示。China′s Lawyer Law clearly stipulates that lawyers should pursue social justice,but the nature of justice is questioned in the current market economy.It is a traditional academic practice to use identity paradigm to provide evidence for lawyer justice,which is shown as″nationalism″and″professionalism″in China and in the West.However,identity justice is a kind of″one-dimensional justice″,which is manifested in the ethical paternalism tendency,the public-private opposition in cognition,the lack of reflection in practice.In addition,the fact that the identity society has been out of date makes the identity paradigm no longer able to explain lawyer justice.The contract paradigm interprets lawyer justice as a kind of reciprocal altruistic behavior.Lawyer justice is achieved through the exchange process between the legal profession,the state,and society which conforms to the reality of current contract society.Moreover,contract justice represents a kind of″multi-dimensional justice″,which transcends the identity justice at all levels,and is manifested as:establishing the dignity of the opposite party in ethics;turning to″living for private and public affairs″in cognition;attaching importance to reflection and criticism in practice.Judging by the development process of the lawyer profession in China,the contract paradigm can also find local adaptability in China,which can provide a lot of enlightenment for the current lawyer system reform.

关 键 词：律师职业 司法改革 社会契约 正义 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]