生物炭添加对红壤硅磷形态转化、有效性及大豆植株吸收的影响  

Effects of biochar addition on transformation,availability and soybean plant uptake of silicon and phosphorus in red soil

作　　者：罗家欣 邓金环 田纪辉 蔡昆争[1] LUO Jiaxin;DENG Jinhuan;TIAN Jihui;CAI Kunzheng(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment in South China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院/农业农村部华南热带农业环境重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2025年第2期141-150,共10页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41807084)。

摘　　要：【目的】大量研究证实添加生物炭能够提高土壤肥力、增加养分有效性及促进作物生长。中国南方地区红壤硅、磷元素有效性低,有必要研究生物炭添加对其化学形态和植物吸收的影响。【方法】以富硅的稻秆生物炭和稻壳生物炭为供试材料,研究添加不同质量分数(0、1%、2%、4%)的生物炭对红壤硅、磷形态转化和有效性以及大豆植株养分吸收的影响。【结果】不同种类、不同剂量生物炭处理均显著降低土壤交换性酸含量,提高土壤pH和C/N,增加土壤有效阳离子交换量及盐基饱和度,且添加量越大,涨幅越显著;稻秆生物炭的效果显著高于稻壳生物炭。生物炭处理的土壤有效态硅和活性磷组分NaHCO_(3)−Po的含量分别较对照增加4.1%~85.0%和175.2%~2139.6%。添加生物炭显著增加大豆植株的干物质积累,改善根系形态,提高大豆根系和叶片的硅含量,促进根系对硅、磷元素的吸收转运,其中秸秆生物炭效果更为显著。【结论】施用秸秆和稻壳生物炭显著影响酸性土壤的磷素和硅素形态及转化,提高了养分有效性,促进植株对硅和磷的吸收和利用,其中秸秆生物炭的效果更佳。【Objective】A large number of studies have confirmed that biochar can improve soil fertility,increase nutrient availability and promote crop growth.Given the low levels of silicon(Si)and phosphorus(P)elements in red soil in southern China,it is imperative to investigate the impacts of biochar addition on chemical speciation and plant uptake of Si and P.【Method】Using Si-rich rice straw and husk biochar as test materials,the impacts of adding different doses(0,1%,2%,4%)of biochar on the transformation and availability of Si and P in red soil,as well as nutrient uptake in soybean plants were studied.【Result】Different types and dosages of biochar significantly reduced exchangeable acid content in soil,while increased soil pH and C/N,effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation.The greater the amount of biochar added,the more significant the increase.Straw biochar was significantly more effective than husk biochar.Compared with control,the contents of soil available Si and labile P fraction NaHCO_(3)-Po in biochar treatments increased by 4.1%−85.0%and 175.2%−2139.6%,respectively.Biochar application significantly increased dry matter accumulation in soybean plant,improved root morphological characteristics,increased Si concentration of soybean roots and leaves,promoted the uptake and transport of Si and P by roots,and the effect of straw biochar was more significant.【Conclusion】The application of rice straw and husk biochar significantly affects the form and transformation of P and Si in acid soil,increases their availability,absorption and utilization by plants.Straw biochar shows better effect.

关 键 词：生物炭 红壤 有效态硅 活性磷 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学] S529[农业科学—农业基础科学]