红树林沉积物生防芽孢杆菌资源筛选及防效评价  

Screening of biocontrol Bacillus strains in mangrove sediments and evaluation of efficacy

作　　者：高雅 王美红 杨凤环[1] 刘国红[3] 余超 陈华民[1] GAO Ya;WANG Meihong;YANG Fenghuan;LIU Guohong;YU Chao;CHEN Huamin(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Jining Normal University,Wulanchabu 012001,China;Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]集宁师范学院生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古乌兰察布012001 [3]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2025年第2期194-202,共9页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31972255)。

摘　　要：【目的】利用红树林沉积物丰富的微生物资源,筛选具有广谱拮抗活性的生防芽孢杆菌Bacillus spp.,为开发高效绿色生防制剂防治梨火疫等重要农业病害提供支撑。【方法】利用芽孢杆菌耐高温特性,采用抑菌圈法特异筛选对梨火疫病菌Erwinia amylovora具有拮抗活性的芽孢杆菌,采用平板对峙法检测其对水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae、番茄青枯病菌Ralstonia solanacearum、草莓炭疽病菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum的拮抗活性,重点检测其对梨火疫病和草莓炭疽病的室内防治效果。【结果】筛选到10株对梨火疫病菌有拮抗作用的芽孢杆菌,其中,抑菌作用较强的3株芽孢杆菌为PBIB1、PBIB4和PBIB7;经基因组测序鉴定,PBIB1和PBIB4为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌B.velezensis,PBIB7为枯草芽孢杆菌B.subtilis。这3株菌对水稻白叶枯病菌、番茄青枯病菌、草莓炭疽病菌和小麦赤霉病菌均具有拮抗活性,对梨火疫病的室内防效分别为82.83%、78.84%和68.86%,对草莓炭疽病的室内防效分别为92.31%、90.38%和67.30%。【结论】从红树林沉积物中筛选到的3株生防芽孢杆菌对作物细菌和真菌病害有较广谱的拮抗作用,具有进一步开发生防制剂和应用的潜力。【Objective】Utilizing the rich microbial resources in mangrove sediments,we screen for Bacillus strains with broad-spectrum antagonistic activity to provide a support for the development of highly efficient and green biological control agents to combat important agricultural diseases such as fire blight.【Method】Using the thermotolerant characteristic of Bacillus,we specifically screened Bacillus strains with antagonistic activity against Erwinia amylovora,the causal agent of fire blight.We also used the plate confrontation method to detect the antagonistic activity of these Bacillus strains against Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae,Ralstonia solanacearum,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium graminearum,then focused on the control effect of these Bacillus strains against fire blight and strawberry anthracnose in greenhouse.【Result】Ten Bacillus strains were selected for their antagonistic effects against E.amylovora.Among them,the three strains with relatively stronger antagonistic activity were PBIB1,PBIB4,and PBIB7.After genome sequencing,PBIB1 and PBIB4 were identified as B.velezensis,while PBIB7 was identified as B.subtilis.These three strains exhibited antagonistic activity against X.oryzae pv.oryzae,R.solanacearum,C.gloeosporioides and F.graminearum,and had the efficacy of 82.83%,78.84%and 68.86%against fire blight,92.31%,90.38%and 67.30%against strawberry anthracnose in greenhouse,respectively.【Conclusion】Three biocontrol Bacillus strains are screened in the mangrove sediments in Fujian Province,which have a broad-spectrum antagonistic effect on crop bacterial and fungal diseases,and have the potential for further development and application of biocontrol agents.

关 键 词：红树林 芽孢杆菌 梨火疫病 拮抗活性 防治效果 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]