青藏高原侵蚀沟分类初探  

Elementary Study on Gully Classification on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

作　　者：李建军 焦菊英 陈一先[3] 曹雪[3,4] 陈同德 程玉卓 刘祖艳 章志鑫 王颢霖 林红 陈玉兰 税军锋 LI Jianjun;JIAO Juying;CHEN Yixian;CAO Xue;CHEN Tongde;CHENG Yuzhuo;LIU Zuyan;ZHANG Zhixin;WANG Haolin;LIN Hong;CHEN Yulan;SHUI Junfeng(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030013,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resource,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;School of Geographical Sciences,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637009,China;School of Politics and Public Administration,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China;Bureau of Human and Social Affairs,Linzhi,Xizang 860600,China;Bureau of Natural Resources,Cuona City,Shannan,Xizang 856700,China;Guizhou University of Enginering Science,Bijie,Guizhou 551700,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]山西农业大学水土保持科学研究所,太原030013 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西华师范大学地理科学学院,四川南充637009 [5]青海民族大学政治与公共管理学院,西宁810007 [6]察隅县人力资源和社会保障局,西藏林芝860600 [7]错那市自然资源局,西藏山南856700 [8]贵州工程应用技术学院,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0603);国家自然科学基金重点项目(42430506);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20040202);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2452023071)。

摘　　要：[目的]传统的侵蚀沟分类体系集中在农业景观,青藏高原人类活动少,侵蚀沟主要发生在自然景观中,为提出一套因地制宜的、适应自然景观的青藏高原侵蚀沟分类体系。[方法]通过对一江两河地区、藏东南地区、藏北高原、三江源地区、河湟谷地、柴达木盆地、祁连山地等青藏高原典型地区开展大量的野外调查,并结合亚米级高分辨率遥感影像开展室内判读。[结果]区分成因或形态与侵蚀沟相近但非侵蚀沟的多种地貌,并基于侵蚀沟的规模、成因、所处地貌、形态等多个依据对其进行分类。根据侵蚀沟的规模将其划分为小型沟、中型沟、大型沟和巨型沟等;根据成因划分为降雨径流沟、融雪泥流沟、冰川沟、冻土热融沟和人类活动沟等;根据发育所处的地貌划分为陡坡沟、谷底沟、缓坡沟、悬沟、阶地沟、塬边沟和塬面沟等;根据形态划分为直线沟、弯曲沟、勺状沟、条状沟、拓宽状沟、窄长沟、宽短沟、放射状沟、平行状沟和树状沟等。[结论]初步提出一套适合青藏高原特点的多依据侵蚀沟综合分类原则,并建议以规模作为与黄土高原等其他地区侵蚀沟分类对比的主要依据,为青藏高原土壤侵蚀研究和生态环境保护提供支撑。[Objective]Traditional gully classification systems focus on agricultural landscapes.However,on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,where human activity is limited,gullies primarily occur in natural landscapes.Therefore,it is necessary to propose a tailored gully classification system that is suited to the natural landscapes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.[Methods]Extensive field investigations were conducted in typical regions of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,including the Yarlung Zangbo River and its two tributaries,the Southeast Xizang,the Qiangtang Plateau,the Three-River Headwaters region,the Hehuang Valley,the Qaidam Basin,and the Qilian Mountains.These field studies were complemented by indoor interpretations using sub-meter high-resolution remote sensing imagery.[Results]Various landforms that resemble but are not gullies in terms of genesis or morphology were identified and distinguished.The gullies were classified based on multiple criteria,including scale,genesis,the landform in which they developed,and morphology.The gullies were classified by scale into small,medium,large,and giant gullies;by genesis into rainfall-runoff gullies,snowmelt-mudflow gullies,glacial gullies,permafrost-thermal gullies,and human activity gullies;by the landform in which they developed into steep-slope gullies,valley-bottom gullies,gentle-slope gullies,cliff gullies,terrace gullies,tableland-edge gullies,and tableland-surface gullies;and by morphology into straight gullies,curved gullies,spoon-shaped gullies,strip-shaped gullies,widened gullies,narrow-long gullies,wide-short gullies,radial gullies,parallel gullies,and dendritic gullies.[Conclusion]This study preliminarily proposes a comprehensive gully classification system based on multiple criteria suitable for the characteristics of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.It suggests using scale as the primary basis for comparison with gully classification systems in other regions,such as the Loess Plateau,and provides support for soil erosion research and ecological environment protection on the

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 沟蚀 侵蚀沟 分类 青藏高原 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]