中国干旱半干旱区1990-2020年土壤水蚀时空变化及动态驱动力  

Spatial and Temporal Changes and Dynamic Driving Forces of Soil Water Erosion in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of China from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：陈硕 赵文武 CHEN Shuo;ZHAO Wenwu(State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部陆地表层系统科学与可持续发展研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期10-20,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41991232)。

摘　　要：[目的]我国干旱半干旱区生态环境脆弱,土壤流失问题严重,为探究气候变暖背景下干旱地区的土壤水蚀现状。[方法]基于修正通用土壤流失方程(revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE)模型计算中国干旱半干旱区1990年、2000年、2010年、2015年、2020年的各模型因子和土壤水蚀模数,并进行精度验证(R^(2)=0.60);在此基础上利用最优参数地理探测器分析其单因子及交互因子动态驱动力大小和变化。[结果]1)1990—2020年中国干旱半干旱区平均每年土壤水蚀量为4.71×10^(10)kg,土壤水蚀模数呈微弱上升趋势,速率为0.0007 t/(hm^(2)·a)。2)中国干旱半干旱区的土壤水蚀强度多以微度和轻度侵蚀为主。土壤水蚀强度上升和下降的区域面积占比均处于上升趋势,土壤水蚀强度不变的区域面积占比处于下降趋势。3)坡度、降水、降水侵蚀力因子是中国干旱半干旱区1990—2020年土壤水蚀的主要单因子驱动力,且3个因子在研究期间交替为第1主导因子;在选取的因子中任意2个因子在进行交互作用时均增加对中国干旱半干旱区土壤水蚀的解释力,其中,坡度与降水侵蚀力因子交互时解释力在研究期间一直为第1主导交互因子。[结论]中国干旱半干旱区土壤水蚀状况正处于微弱恶化趋势,在一系列治理措施实施时应同步考虑地形、降水特征及其他动态因子,从而更好地改善干旱区的土壤水蚀情况。[Objective]The ecological environment in China′s arid and semi-arid regions is highly vulnerable,with soil erosion posing a significant challenge.In light of climate warming,investigating the current state of soil water erosion in these regions is of critical importance.[Methods]Based on the RULSE model,the model factors and soil water erosion modulus for China′s arid and semi-arid regions for the years 1990,2000,2010,2015 and 2020 were calculated,and an accuracy validation(R^(2)=0.60)was conducted.On the basis of the calculations and validation,the optimal parameter geographic detector was utilized to analyze the dynamic driving forces and changes associated with both single and interactive factors.[Results]1)From 1990 to 2020,the average annual soil water erosion in China′s arid and semi-arid regions amounted to 4.71×10^(10)kg,exhibiting a slight upward trend in the soil water erosion modulus at a rate of 0.0007 t/(hm^(2)·a).2)The intensity of soil water erosion was predominantly characterized by slight to moderate erosion.The proportions of areas experiencing increases and decreases in soil water erosion intensity both rose,while the proportion of areas with stable soil water erosion intensity declined.3)Slope,precipitation,and precipitation erosion force were identified as the primary single driving factors of soil water erosion in these regions from 1990 to 2020,with these three factors alternating as the main dominant factor throughout the study period.Interactions between any two selected factors enhances the explanatory power regarding soil water erosion,with the interaction between slope and precipitation erosion force consistently serving as the primary dominant interaction factor during the study period.[Conclusion]Overall,the soil water erosion situation in China′s arid and semi-arid regions is experiencing slight deterioration.To effectively address this issue,it is crucial to consider topographical and precipitation characteristics concurrently when implementing management measures,in orde

关 键 词：中国干旱半干旱区 土壤水蚀 地理探测器 动态驱动力分析 

分 类 号：S159.2[农业科学—土壤学]