孟良崮小流域径流与磷素传输动态关系  

Analysis of the Dynamic Relationship between Runoff and Phosphorus Transport in the Menglianggu Small Watershed

作　　者：杨彩玲 胡砚霞 于兴修 姚佳吟 郑若琳 刘前进[2] YANG Cailing;HU Yanxia;YU Xingxiu;YAO Jiayin;ZHENG Ruolin;LIU Qianjin(Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response,College of Resources and Environment,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;School of Resources and Environment,Linyi University,Linyi,Shandong 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学资源环境学院区域开发与环境响应湖北省重点实验室,武汉430062 [2]临沂大学资源环境学院,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期46-55,共10页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42377329)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探讨不同降雨类型下径流-磷素流失滞后关系特征。[方法]以北方土石山区孟良崮小流域为研究对象,利用2010—2012年的32场降雨实测数据,通过C-Q(浓度-流量)环路和Pearson相关分析方法进行分析。[结果]1)暴雨条件下,土壤饱和后释放大量磷素使磷素浓度峰值晚于径流峰值;大雨条件下,溶解性磷素从近源释放,颗粒态磷素从远源迁移到径流中;中雨条件下,DIP(溶解性无机磷)、PP(颗粒性磷)和TP(总磷)输移主要受地表径流影响,DP(溶解性总磷)输移受到土壤和沉积物影响;小雨条件下,表现出较快的溶解态磷素输移和较慢的颗粒态磷素输移。2)磷素输移的C-Q环路在径流过程中呈现多种类型,其中,PP和TP多为顺时针滞后,占18%~23%,主要受地表径流的强烈冲刷;逆时针滞后在各组分磷素中出现的比例相近,为12%~18%,源于土壤磷素缓慢释放和河道沉积物再悬浮;DP流失多表现为正“8”字形滞后,占比16%;DIP流失表现为逆“8”字形滞后,占比19%;线形滞后出现的频次较少;复杂形滞后的比例为31%~45%。3)暴雨和大雨条件下,DIP和DP与径流(Q)呈弱相关或负相关,源于强烈径流快速冲刷地表,而溶解性磷被土壤吸附未能同步释放或被径流稀释;中雨时,适中的径流冲刷力增强溶解性磷的释放;小雨时,径流主要迁移附着在松散土壤颗粒上的颗粒性磷。在不同降雨类型下,PP和TP始终高度相关,表明TP的主要来源是PP。[结论]孟良崮小流域需要针对不同的降雨情况防范磷素流失。[Objective]To investigate the characteristics of runoff-phosphorus loss hysteresis relationship under different rainfall types.[Methods]This study focused on the Menglianggu small watershed in the rocky mountainous area of northern China.Using data from 32 rainfall events recorded between 2010 and 2012,C-Q(concentration-discharge)loops and Pearson correlation analysis were applied.[Results]1)During torrential rain,a large amount of phosphorus was released after soil saturation,causing the phosphorus concentration peak to lag behind the runoff peak.In the case of heavy rain,dissolved phosphorus was released from nearby sources,while particulate phosphorus was transported from distant sources to the runoff.During moderate rain,the transport of DIP(dissolved inorganic phosphorus),PP(particulate phosphorus),and TP(total phosphorus)was mainly influenced by surface runoff,whereas DP(dissolved phosphorus)was affected by soil and sediment.Light rain showed rapid transport of DP and slower transport of PP.2)The C-Q loops of phosphorus transfer exhibited various patterns during the runoff process.PP and TP often showed a clockwise lag,accounting for 18%—23%,mainly due to the strong scouring of surface runoff.The counterclockwise lag appeared in 12%—18%of the phosphorus components,resulting from the slow release of soil phosphorus and the resuspension of riverbed sediments.Dissolved phosphorus loss mainly exhibited a figure-eight positive loop,accounting for 16%,while DIP loss showed a figure-eight negative loop,accounting for 19%.Linear lags were less frequent,and complex lags ranged between 31%and 45%.3)Under torrential and heavy rain conditions,DIP and DP had weak or negative correlations with runoff(Q),attributed to the rapid surface scouring,which caused PP to be more easily lost,while DP was adsorbed by the soil or diluted by the runoff.Under moderate rain,the appropriate runoff scouring force enhanced the releases of DP.In light rain,runoff primarily transported PP attached to loose soil particles.Particulate pho

关 键 词：北方土石山区 径流-磷素关系 C-Q环路 Pearson相关分析 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]