基于MDS的滇池流域5种典型林分土壤质量评价  

Soil Quality Assessment of Five Typical Forest Stands in the Dianchi Lake Basin based on MDS

作　　者：金哲浩 王克勤[1,3] 黄帅 于君宝 刘芝芹[1,2] JIN Zhehao;WANG Keqin;HUANG Shuai;YU Junbao;LIU Zhiqin(Key Laboratory for Plateau Wetland Conservation,Restoration,and Ecosystem Services of Yunnan Province,School of Ecology and Environment(Wetland College),Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;National Plateau Wetland Research Center,Kunming 650224,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室,西南林业大学生态与环境学院(湿地学院),昆明650224 [2]国家高原湿地研究中心,昆明650224 [3]西南林业大学水土保持学院,昆明650000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期141-151,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42377444);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目;云南省高校优势特色重点学科(生态学)建设项目;云南省一流建设学科“水土保持与荒漠化防治学”建设项目;西南林业大学博士科研启动基金项目(111429);云南省本科专业综合评价“水土保持与荒漠化防治”专业建设项目(52200805)。

摘　　要：[目的]土壤质量是生态系统健康与可持续土地管理的重要指标。[方法]通过主成分分析(PCA)筛选土壤质量的关键表征指标12个(有机质、全氮、速效氮、毛管孔隙度、pH等),并采用最小数据集法(MDS)评估滇池流域5种典型人工林分的土壤质量指数(SQI)。[结果]1)滇青冈林和云南松林的土壤质量显著优于桉树人工林,其中滇青冈林水分保持能力最强,云南松林在养分供应和肥力维持方面表现突出;混交林的有机质和速效氮质量分数最高,展现较强的养分积累潜力;灌木林的土壤质量中等,有机质和全氮质量分数介于混交林与桉树林之间;桉树林的SQI最低,表明单一树种经营对土壤结构和养分循环的不利影响显著。2)分层分析显示,表层(0~20 cm)云南松林的SQI最高,次表层(20~40 cm)滇青冈林表现最佳,深层(40~60 cm)滇青冈林和混交林优于其他林分。整体SQI平均值排序为滇青冈林(0.60)>云南松林(0.54)>混交林(0.47)>灌木林(0.33)>桉树林(0.20)。3)MDS分析结果与全面数据集(TDS)拟合良好(R2=0.69),验证该方法在土壤质量评价中的有效性。[结论]研究结果为滇池流域的土壤管理提供科学依据,建议在水源涵养区推广滇青冈与云南松的混交种植,同时改善桉树人工林的经营模式以恢复土壤质量。[Objective]Soil quality is a critical indicator of ecosystem health and sustainable land management.[Methods]Key soil quality indicators(e.g.,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,capillary porosity,and pH)were identified through principal component analysis(PCA),and the soil quality index(SQI)of five typical artificial forest types in the Dianchi Lake Basin was evaluated using the minimum dataset(MDS)method.[Results]1)Cyclobalanopsis glauca(CG)and Pinus yunnanensis(PY)forests exhibited significantly higher soil quality than Eucalyptus plantations.CG showed the greatest water retention capacity,while PY had outstanding performance in nutrient supply and fertility maintenance.Mixed forests had the highest organic matter and available nitrogen contents,showing strong nutrient accumulation potential.Shrub forests demonstrated moderate soil quality,with organic matter and total nitrogen levels between that of mixed forests and Eucalyptus plantations.In contrast,Eucalyptus plantations had the lowest SQI,highlighting the adverse effects of monoculture on soil structure and nutrient cycling.2)Stratified analysis showed that PY had the highest SQI in the surface layer(0—20 cm),CG performed best in the subsurface layer(20—40 cm),while CG and mixed forests were superior in the deep layer(40—60 cm).The average SQI values ranked in the order of CG(0.60)>PY(0.54)>mixed forest(0.47)>shrub forest(0.33)>Eucalyptus plantation(0.20).3)MDS results showed a strong correlation with the Total Dataset(TDS)(R 2=0.69),confirming the method's effectiveness for soil quality assessment.[Conclusion]The study can provide scientific guidance for soil management in the Dianchi Lake Basin.Mixed planting of CG and PY in water conservation areas is recommended,and management of Eucalyptus plantation should be improved to restore soil quality.

关 键 词：土壤质量 滇池流域 最小数据集法 主成分分析 土壤质量指数 

分 类 号：S714.1[农业科学—林学]