西南高山峡谷区人为耕作扰动对典型坡耕地坡面坡形和微地形的影响  

Effects of Tillage Disturbance on Slope Shape and Micro-topographic Features on Typical Sloping Cropland of Southwestern Alpine-canyon Area

作　　者：王嘉琦 王勇[1,2] 张泽洪[3] 张一雄[1] 刘静依 马真真 辛旺 秦伟 许海超[4] WANG Jiaqi;WANG Yong;ZHANG Zehong;ZHANG Yixiong;LIU Jingyi;MA Zhenzhen;XIN Wang;QIN Wei;XU Haichao(College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Key Lab of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertificaton Combating,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;School of Geographic Sciences,West China Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637009,China;State Key Laboratory of Basin Water Cycle Modelling and Regulation,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室,成都611130 [3]西华师范大学地理科学学院,四川南充637009 [4]中国水利水电科学研究院,流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期152-159,169,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1302902);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42277326)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探明西南高山峡谷区长期不同耕作扰动方式对耕地坡面地形特征的影响。[方法]选取该区域典型坡耕地(坡度为15°,坡长为20 m)为研究对象,通过顺坡耕作与等高耕作方式连续耕作50次,结合测针法与3 D激光扫描技术,探究2种长期耕作扰动方式下坡面坡形和微地形特征的变化。[结果]连续顺坡耕作50次后,坡形逐渐由线性坡向“■”型复合坡演化,而等高耕作向“■”型复合坡演化。连续耕作后,顺坡耕作和等高耕作导致上坡侵蚀范围分别占整个坡面的15%和11%,堆积范围分别占整个坡面的13%和6%。2种耕作扰动方式均引起坡面地表粗糙度和地形起伏度发生显著变化,且常规顺坡耕作变化程度大于等高耕作。顺坡耕作与等高耕作方式下土壤平均流失厚度分别为1.17、0.45 cm/次。耕作次数对土壤流失量直接影响效应最大,而耕作方式对土壤流失量的间接影响效应最大。[结论]耕作频次与耕作方式均是影响坡形和微地形变化的重要因素,随着耕作频次增加,土壤流失量逐渐增大。[Objective]The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various tillage practices on on slope shape and micro-topographic features on typical sloping croplands of southwestern alpine-canyon area.[Methods]50 times of conventional tillage and contour tillage events were applied to rectangular plots(5 m×20 m)with a slope of 15°to examine the impacts of tillage disturbance on the slope shape and micro-topographic features by combining the stylus method and 3 D laser scanning technology.[Results]After 50 times of conventional tillage,the slope shape gradually evolved from a linear slope to a‘■’-type composite slope,while after contour tillage,the slope shape evolved to a‘■’-type.After 50 times of successive tillage,the range of soil loss under conventional tillage and contour tillage accounted for 15%and 11%of that of the whole slope,and the range of accumulated soil accounted for 13%and 6%of that of the whole slope,respectively.The two kinds of tillage disturbance patterns caused significant changes in the surface roughness and topographic undulation on the slope,and the degree of change of conventional tillage was greater than that of contour tillage.The average thickness of the soil loss under conventional tillage and contour tillage were 1.17 and 0.45 cm/time,respectively.Tillage frequency had the largest indirect effect on soil loss,while the disturbance patterns had the largest indirect effect on soil loss.[Conclusion]Tillage frequency and tillage pattern are the most important factors affecting slope shape and micro-topographic features.As the frequency of tillage increases,the amount of soil loss will gradually increase.

关 键 词：西南高山峡谷区 耕作方式 耕作次数 坡形 微地形 

分 类 号：S152.6[农业科学—土壤学]