湘西北土壤微生物群落多样性、结构和功能潜力对原始林转换的响应  

Response of Soil Microbial Diversity,Community Structure,and Functional Potential to Primary Forest Conversion in Northwestern Hunan Province

作　　者：肖华翠 盛浩[1] 苏国荟 周萍[2] XIAO Huacui;SHENG Hao;SU Guohui;ZHOU Ping(College of Resources,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源学院,长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期189-198,共10页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2023NK2026);国家自然科学基金项目(41571234);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20230708)。

摘　　要：[目的]探明原始林转换对土壤微生物多样性、结构和功能的影响,为科学保育土壤健康提供理论参考。[方法]选取中亚热带典型的原始常绿阔叶林及其转换而来、毗邻分布的人工林、果园、坡耕地和水田为对象,研究土壤细菌和真菌群落多样性、结构和预测功能对原始林转换的响应规律。[结果]原始林转为耕地,土壤细菌多样性增加29%~34%,而转换为园地,土壤真菌多样性降低42%~49%。土壤细菌、真菌预测功能对原始林转换的响应大小和方向取决于特定功能指标和转换后的土地利用方式。与原始林相比,园地和耕地土壤细菌的全局和概述图谱、碳水化合物代谢、辅助因子和维生素代谢功能的相对丰度增加9%~25%,但是土壤跨膜运输、信号传导和原核生物细胞群落功能的相对丰度则降低11%~27%。坡耕地土壤内生真菌-凋落物腐生菌-土壤腐生菌相对丰度比原始林低32%~42%,而土壤动、植物病原菌的相对丰度比原始林高10%~397%。与原始林相比,人工林超过半数的土壤细菌、真菌功能潜力的相对丰度无显著差异。土壤水分与活性有机碳质量分数是调控细菌的潜在功能的关键因子,而土壤真菌功能主要受土壤pH、活性有机碳底物数量和养分有效性的调控。[结论]原始常绿阔叶林转换为杉木人工林相对有利于维持土壤微生物的功能健康,而转为坡耕地,可能增加作物遭受土传病害的风险,可为准确预测区域土壤健康演变和土地合理规划提供理论依据。[Objective]To explore the impact of primary forest conversion on soil microbial community diversity,structure and functions,in order to provide a theoretical reference for soil health preservation.[Methods]A subtropical typical primary evergreen broad-leaved forest and the adjacently converted conifer plantation,orchards,sloping tillage,and rice paddy were chosen in northwest Hunan Province.We assessed the response of the bacterial and fungal genomic diversity,community structure,and predicted functions to primary forest conversion.[Results]Comparing to the primary forest,the bacterial diversity was increased by 29%—34%in cultivated lands,while the fungal diversity was decreased by 42%—49%in the orchards.The response direction and magnitude of soil bacterial and fungal predicted function depended on the specific soil function and converted land-use type.Comparing to the primary forest,the relative abundance of global and overview maps,carbohydrate metabolism,and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were 9%—25%higher in orchards and croplands,while the relative abundance of membrane transport,signal transduction,cellular community-prokaryotes were 11%—27%lower in orchards and croplands.In sloping farmland soil,the relative abundance of endophyte-litter saprotroph-soil saprotroph were 32%—42%lower than those in the primary forest,while the animal pathogen and plant pathogen were 10%—397%higher than those in the primary forest.There was no significant difference in>50%of the relative abundance of predicted microbial functions between the primary forest and plantations.The predicted bacterial functions are mainly regulated by soil moisture and labile organic C content,whereas the predicted fungal functions are mainly regulated by soil pH,quantity of labile organic C,and nutrient availability.[Conclusion]This study suggests that the conversion of primary evergreen broad-leaved forest to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation is relatively conducive to the maintenance of soil health and functional potential,whe

关 键 词：土地利用变化 土壤细菌 土壤真菌 功能预测 土传病害 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]