包膜氯化钾对土壤养分供应强度及玉米产量、品质的影响  

Effects of Coated Potassium Chloride on Soil Nutrient Supply Intensity,Maize Yield and Quality

作　　者：刘平安 胡晓敏 陈思宇 田野 马雨彤 罗心雨 庄悦卓 张敏[1] 张文睿 冯志邦 李泽丽 陈琪 刘之广[1] 张民[1] LIU Pingan;HU Xiaomin;CHEN Siyu;TIAN Ye;MA Yutong;LUO Xinyu;ZHUANG Yuezhuo;ZHANG Min;ZHANG Wenrui;FENG Zhibang;LI Zeli;CHEN Qi;LIU Zhiguang;ZHANG Min(National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,School of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai′an,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期199-207,共9页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1700603)。

摘　　要：[目的]控释氯化钾可实现钾离子缓慢释放与作物吸收相同步,同时保证钾离子在土壤中的有效性,满足作物生育后期对钾素的需求,显著提高钾肥利用率。探究长期施用控释氯化钾及其掺混肥料对玉米产量及品质的影响,为实现玉米高质量生产提供技术支持。[方法]基于控释氯化钾应用于夏玉米(Zea mays L.,郑单958)的田间长期定位试验(始于2014年),设不施钾肥(CK)、常量普通氯化钾(K)、常量聚氨酯包膜氯化钾(CRK1)、减钾量1/3聚氨酯包膜氯化钾(CRK2)、常量掺混氯化钾(BBF1)、减钾量1/3掺混氯化钾(BBF2)共6个处理。在抽雄期进行玉米生长、土壤供钾水平、吸钾能力、光合作用等相关指标的测定,在成熟期进行玉米品质、农学效益等相关指标测定。[结果]1) CRK1、BBF1、CRK2和BBF2较K处理,产量分别提高9.82%、12.06%、7.13%、10.68%,地上生物量分别提高9.22%、10.44%、4.16%、6.09%,经济效益分别提高16.29%、28.37%、14.15%、21.12%。2) CRK1和BBF1伤流钾离子质量分数较K处理分别提高19.93%、13.89%;CRK1和BBF2叶绿素SPAD值较K处理分别提升7.32%、6.59%;CRK1叶面积指数LAI值较K提升7.04%;CRK1和CRK2净光合速率较K分别提升18.58%、18.66%。3)与K处理相比,CRK1、BBF1、CRK2和BBF2淀粉质量分数分别提升4.27%、2.51%、9.32%、7.16%,油脂质量分数分别提高5.65%、3.11%、6.63%、5.92%;CRK1和CRK2粗蛋白质量分数分别提升4.23%、1.06%。与K处理相比,CRK1、BBF1、CRK2和BBF2,淀粉产量分别提升14.73%、19.10%、17.56%、18.96%,粗蛋白产量分别提升14.47%、14.04%、8.27%、8.03%,油脂产量分别提升16.03%、19.67%、14.27%、17.23%。[结论]控释氯化钾可满足玉米生长及品质形成对钾素的需求,改善玉米的生长情况,优化玉米籽粒的品质性状,与普通氯化钾掺混施用后显著提高玉米产量及钾肥利用效率,降低肥料投入成本,并且实现减量不减产、品质不下降的目的。[Objective]Controlled release of potassium chloride can achieve slow release of potassium ions synchronized with crop absorption,while ensuring the effectiveness of potassium ions in the soil,meeting the demand for potassium in the later stage of crop growth,and significantly improving the utilization rate of potassium fertilizer.Exploring the effects of long-term application of controlled-release of potassium chloride and its mixed fertilizers on maize yield and quality,providing technical support for achieving high-quality maize production.[Methods]Based on the long-term field experiment of controlled release potassium chloride applied to summer maize(Zea mays L.,Zhengdan 958)(started in 2014),six treatments were set up:no potassium fertilizer(CK),constant ordinary potassium chloride(K),constant polyurethane coated potassium chloride(CRK1),1/3 potassium reduction polyurethane coated potassium chloride(CRK2),constant mixed potassium chloride(BBF1)and 1/3 potassium reduction mixed potassium chloride(BBF2).Relevant indicators such as maize growth,soil potassium supply level,potassium uptake capacity,photosynthesis,etc.were measured during the tasseling stage,and relevant indicators such as maize quality and agronomic benefits were determined during the maturity stage.[Results]1)Compared with K treatment,CRK1,BBF1,CRK2,and BBF2 showed an increase in yield of 9.82%,12.06%,7.13%and 10.68%,respectively.The aboveground biomass increased by 9.22%,10.44%,4.16%and 6.09%,respectively,and the economic benefits increased by 16.29%,28.37%,14.15%and 21.12%,respectively.2)The potassium ion content in CRK1 and BBF1 increased by 19.93%and 13.89%respectively compared to K treatment;The chlorophyll SPAD values of CRK1 and BBF2 increased by 7.32%and 6.59%compared to K treatment;The leaf area index LAI value of CRK1 increased by 7.04%compared to K;The net photosynthetic rate of CRK1 and CRK2 increased by 18.58%and 18.66%compared to K.3)Compared with K treatment,the starch content of CRK1,BBF1,CRK2,and BBF2 increased by 4.27%,2.51%,9.

关 键 词：玉米 控释氯化钾 减钾 品质 产量 抽雄期 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]