基于叶面积指数耦合STEMMUS模型的果园土壤水热特征  

Soil Hydrothermal Characteristics of Orchard Based on Leaf Area Index Coupled with STEMMUS Model

作　　者：杨雨萌 高晓东[1,2,4] 邵晓亚 杨敏 YANG Yumeng;GAO Xiaodong;SHAO Xiaoya;YANG Min(The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [5]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期316-325,337,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42125705);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023JC-XJ-24);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-ZDLNY-49)。

摘　　要：[目的]叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)作为生态系统水循环过程模拟研究的关键参数,其快速动态模拟可解决土壤水-汽-热-气耦合模型STEMMUS(simultaneous transfer of energy, mass and momentum in unsaturated soil)只能使用固定或实测LAI作为输入参数的局限性。[方法]将EPIC模型中的“植物叶面积发育子模块”与STEMMUS模型耦合,采用2019年和2020年子洲县山地苹果试验示范基地苹果生长条件下实测的果树蒸腾、土壤水分和土壤温度数据对模型进行率定与验证,以评估耦合模型在黄土高原的适用性。[结果]通过优化植物生长参数,耦合叶面积发育子模块后的STEMMUS模型对苹果树蒸腾耗水过程的模拟精度显著提高,率定年和验证年的归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)分别从原模型的40.2%、61.9%和0.52、0.64 mm/d降低到耦合模型的30.0%、33.2%和0.42、0.38 mm/d。同时,耦合模型可较好地模拟苹果园的土壤水热动态过程,在率定期和验证期模拟土壤水分体积分数和土壤温度的NRMSE分别为1.4%~32.9%和2.9%~9.5%,MAE分别为0.13~4.26 cm^(3)/cm^(3)、0.34~1.49℃。[结论]模拟值与实测值吻合度较高,表明耦合模型可准确描述黄土高原苹果园果树叶面积动态生长和生态水文过程,研究结果可为黄土区果园生态水文过程的研究提供技术支撑。[Objective]As a key parameter in the simulation study of ecosystem water cycle process,rapid dynamic simulation of leaf area index(LAI)can solve the limitation that the coupled soil water-vapor-heat-air model STEMMUS(simultaneous transfer of energy,mass and momentum in unsaturated soil)can only use fixed or measured LAI as an input parameter.[Methods]In this study,the“plant leaf area development sub-module”in EPIC model was coupled with the STEMMUS model,and the model was calibrated and validated using the measured transpiration of apple trees,soil moisture and soil temperature data under the growth conditions of apple trees in the mountain apple experimental demonstration base of Zizhou County in 2019 and 2020,so as to evaluate the applicability of the coupled model on the Loess Plateau.[Results]By optimizing the plant growth parameters,the coupled leaf area development sub-module of the STEMMUS model significantly improved the simulation accuracy of the transpiration and water consumption process of apple trees,with the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)of the calibration and validation years decreasing from 40.2%and 61.9%in the Original model to 30.0%and 33.2%in the coupled model,respectively,and the mean absolute error(MAE)decreasing from 0.52 and 0.64 mm/d to 0.42 and 0.38 mm/d,respectively.Meanwhile,the coupled model could better simulate the soil hydrothermal dynamic processes in apple orchards,and the NRMSE of simulated soil water content and soil temperature during the calibrated period and validation period ranged from 1.4%to 32.9%and 2.9%to 9.5%,respectively,and the MAE ranged from 0.13 to 4.26 cm^(3)/cm^(3) and 0.34 to 1.49℃,respectively.[Conclusion]The high agreement between the simulated and measured values indicates that the coupled model can accurately describe the dynamic growth process of apple tree leaf area and the ecohydrological process of orchard on the Loess Plateau,and this study can provide technical support for the research of the ecohydrological process of orchard in loess

关 键 词：叶面积指数 STEMMUS 果树蒸腾 土壤水热 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S661.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]