文山市景观生态安全评价与分区治理  

Research on Landscape Ecological Security Evaluation and Zoning Management in Wenshan City

作　　者：于中原 黄义忠[1] YU Zhongyuan;HUANG Yizhong(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期338-347,358,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761081);云南省社科重点资助项目(ZD202315)。

摘　　要：[目的]针对典型西南岩溶山地特殊景观构建生态安全评价指标体系,开展文山市景观生态安全评价与治理研究,为区域生态保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]从岩溶山地景观特征出发,建立目标-综合-项目-指标层的景观生态安全评价指标体系,基于几何平均数和InVEST模型对生态敏感性和系统服务重要性2个综合层进行评价,进而完成生态安全目标层评价并划分生态功能区,提出差异化治理措施。[结果]1)文山市水土流失、地质灾害和石漠化敏感性以轻度和中度敏感为主,占总面积的48.83%~59.13%,极敏感最少,占比5.92%~7.10%。2)文山市水源涵养和生物多样性保护重要性以轻度和中度为主,占总面积的67.42%~80.31%,土壤保持重要性以不重要为主,占比55.30%,极重要占比仅为2.06%~5.22%。3)文山市景观生态安全水平整体不高,1级、2级占比仅有4.82%和16.74%,集中分布在“文山老君山自然保护区”;3级面积最多,占比高达30.43%,主要分布在得厚镇、红甸乡、秉烈乡等地区;4级、5级占比分别为13.59%、25.62%,广泛分布在秉烈乡、东山乡、追栗街镇和开化镇等地。4)将文山市生态功能分区划分为石漠化生态功能修复区、城镇生态协调建设区、生物多样性功能保护区和水源涵养与土壤保持功能提升区等4类生态功能区,并针对各区域生态问题提出4项治理措施与建议。[结论]将生态敏感性和生态系统服务重要性有机结合综合评价文山市景观生态安全水平,并进行分区治理,为西南岩溶山地构建生态安全格局、区域生态保护和可持续发展提供基础理论支撑。[Objective]To establish an ecological security evaluation index system tailored to the distinctive landscapes of typical karst mountainous regions in Southwest China,to conduct a comprehensive study on the landscape ecological security evaluation and governance in Wenshan City,in order to provide a scientific foundation for regional ecological protection and sustainable development.[Methods]Based on the landscape characteristics of karst mountainous areas,a landscape ecological security evaluation index system consisting of target,comprehensive,project,and indicator layers was established.Utilizing the geometric mean and the InVEST model,two comprehensive layers,i.e.ecological sensitivity and system service importance were evaluated.Subsequently,the ecological security target layer,delineated ecological functional zones,and proposed differentiated governance measures were evaluated.[Results]1)In Wenshan City,the sensitivity to soil erosion,geological disasters,and rocky desertification primarily fell into mild and moderate categories,comprising 48.83%—59.13%of the total area,with the least area being extremely sensitive,accounting for 5.92%—7.10%.2)In Wenshan City,the significance of water conservation and biodiversity protection predominantly fell into mild and moderate categories,representing 67.42%—80.31%of the total area.The significance of soil conservation was primarily deemed unimportant,with the unimportant category accounting for 55.30%of the total area,and the extremely important category accounting for merely 2.06%—5.22%.3)The overall level of landscape ecological security in Wenshan City was low,with merely 4.82%and 16.74%belonging to the first and second levels,respectively,and predominantly concentrated in the Wenshan Laojunshan Nature Reserve.The third-level area occupied the largest proportion,reaching up to 30.43%,and predominantly distributed in Dehou Town,Hongdian Township,Binglie Township,and other regions.The proportions of the fourth and fifth levels were 13.59%and 25.62%respectively

关 键 词：生态敏感性 生态系统服务重要性 生态安全评价 生态功能分区 西南岩溶山地 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]