峰丛洼地石漠化区乡村聚落的形态学特征及空间演变规律  

Morphological Characteristics and Spatial Evolution Laws of Rural Settlements at Peak-cluster Depressions in Rocky Desertification Areas

作　　者：林广 王妍[1,2] 王蕾 刘云根[1,2] 徐劲成[1,2] 林品 LIN Guang;WANG Yan;WANG Lei;LIU Yungen;XU Jincheng;LIN Pin(College of Soil and Water Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Mountainous Rural Areas of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学水土保持学院,昆明650224 [2]云南省山地农村生态环境演变与污染治理重点实验室,昆明650224

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2025年第1期348-358,共11页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32260420);云南省科技厅计划项目(202401AS070014)。

摘　　要：[目的]为探究峰丛洼地石漠化区乡村聚落的形态学特征及空间演变规律。[方法]基于PLUS模型预测2035年经济发展情景、自然发展情景和生态保护情景下的乡村聚落分布,利用形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)方法识别乡村聚落的形态学特征,采用景观格局指数、景观综合动态度和Ripley K函数方法,实现对乡村聚落过去-现在-未来的形态学特征及空间演变规律分析。[结果]1)1990—2022年乡村聚落面积呈上升趋势,面积增加6.09 km^(2),数量由366增加至1253。核心与边缘是研究区内的优势乡村聚落类型,其面积分别增加1.90、1.51 km^(2),主要分布在研究区中部,孤岛和分支等主要分布在北部和东北部,其面积分别增加1.07、1.15 km^(2)。2)乡村聚落类型的复杂性、丰富程度和破碎化程度整体上呈增加趋势;乡村聚落类型1990—2000年发育最为平缓,2010—2022年发育最为剧烈,乡村聚落类型扩张主要发生在兴街村和老街村及周边地区;乡村聚落类型在研究尺度内都表现出集聚趋势,随着空间尺度的增加乡村聚落空间分布的聚集特征减弱且城镇化过程空间尺度缩小。3)3种情景下,乡村聚落面积均呈上升趋势,其面积分别为11.42、7.68、9.14 km^(2);核心是研究区内绝对优势类型,其面积分别增加4.02、2.60、3.14 km^(2),乡村聚落类型在空间尺度上呈集聚分布,并且生态保护情景抑制乡村聚落的扩张。[结论]研究区乡村聚落处于快速发展阶段,乡村聚落的扩张主要表现在核心扩张上,而孤岛的扩张则是加剧乡村聚落空间分布的复杂性,并且城镇化过程中乡村聚落逐渐聚集在较小的空间尺度。[Objective]To explore the morphological characteristics and spatial evolution patterns of rural settlements in the karst depression rocky desertification area.[Methods]The distribution of rural settlements under the scenarios of economic development,natural development,and ecological protection by 2035 was predicted using the PLUS model.The morphological characteristics of rural settlements were identified through Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis(MSPA),while the past,present,and future morphological characteristics and spatial evolution patterns of rural settlements were analyzed using landscape pattern indices,landscape comprehensive dynamics,and the Ripley K function method.[Results]1)There was an increasing trend in the area of rural settlements from 1990 to 2022,with the area expanding by 6.09 km^(2) and the number of settlements increasing from 366 to 1253.The core and edge were identified as the dominant types of rural settlements in the study area,with their areas increasing by 1.90 and 1.51 km^(2),respectively,primarily concentrated in the central part of the study area.In contrast,isolated patches and branches,which increased by 1.07 and 1.15 km^(2) respectively,were mainly distributed in the northern and northeastern parts.2)The complexity,richness,and fragmentation of rural settlement types generally showed an increasing trend.The development of rural settlement types was most gradual from 1990 to 2000 and most intense from 2010 to 2022,with the expansion primarily occurring in Xingjie Village,Laojie Village,and their surrounding areas.Across the study scale,rural settlement types exhibited a clustering trend,which weakened as the spatial scale increased,and the urbanization process led to a reduction at spatial scale.3)Under all three scenarios,the area of rural settlements showed an increasing trend,with the areas reaching 11.42,7.68 and 9.14 km^(2),respectively.The core type was identified as the dominant type in the study area,with its area increasing by 4.02,2.60 and 3.14 km^(2),respectively

关 键 词：峰丛洼地 乡村聚落 形态学特征 空间演变规律 

分 类 号：K901.8[历史地理—人文地理学]