破碎波对防波堤冲击作用研究进展  

Progress in Research on Impact Action of Breaking Wave on Breakwater

作　　者：王东旭 周婷[3] 谷汉斌 朱干城 WANG Dongxu;ZHOU Ting;GU Hanbin;ZHU Gancheng(Institute of Hydraulics and Ocean Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;School of Civil&Environmental Engineering and Geography Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学水利与海洋工程研究院,浙江宁波315211 [2]宁波大学土木工程与地理环境学院,浙江宁波315211 [3]长沙理工大学水利与环境工程学院,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《海岸工程》2025年第1期1-20,共20页Coastal Engineering

基　　金：青年科学基金项目(52401330);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LQ23E090005)。

摘　　要：破碎波对防波堤的冲击作用是导致防波堤滑移失效的主要原因。但由于冲击过程具有湍流特征,海岸工程领域对冲击作用的认知还不够深入,针对冲击作用的防波堤设计流程也有待完善。鉴于此,本文对破碎波对防波堤的冲击作用的研究进展进行了梳理和总结。首先,总览了过去80余年的研究历程,并将其分为起步阶段、爆发阶段与攻坚阶段,归纳了各阶段的特点与成果。其次,探讨了针对冲击过程的四部分研究,即冲击类型划分、冲击压强峰值、压强振荡和尺度效应。最后,回顾了冲击波浪力计算方法与冲击波浪力作用下防波堤稳定性验算两方面针对冲击波浪力的研究。研究表明:①空气的存在是冲击作用难以解析的主要原因,量化由空气引起的冲击过程不确定性是本问题未来重要的研究方向;②虽然第二代冲击波浪力计算方法均偏于保守,但仍在适用性和结果一致性方面存在问题,建立合理、统一的冲击波浪力计算方法并在此基础上发展动力条件下的防波堤稳定性验算方法是开展冲击作用研究的长期目标。The impact action of breaking waves on breakwaters is regarded as the main reason for the sliding and failure of breakwaters.However,this impact action has not been deeply cognized in the field of coastal engineering due to its turbulence feature,and the procedurs of breakwater design for the impact action also require to be improved.Therefore,the researches of breaking wave impact on breakwaters are reviewed.Firstly,the researches in the past 80 years are overviewed and can be divided into three stages,i.e.initial stage,outbreak stage and critical stage,and the features and achievements of each stage are summarized.Secondly,four aspects of the researches on the process of impact action,namely,impact classification,impact pressure peak,pressure oscillation and scale effect are discussed.Finally,the studies on impact wave force from two aspects of the calculation method of impact wave force and the dynamic response of breakwaters against breaking wave impact are reviewed.The results indicate that the existence of air is the main reason for making the impact action analysis difficult,and therefore to quantify the uncertainty of the impact process introduced by air will be an important research direction of this issue.Although the secondgeneration calculation methods for the impact wave force are all conservative,problems are present still in applicability and result consistency.It is therefore a long-term goal of carrying out impact action studies to establish reasonable and unified methods for impact wave force calculation and develop the methods for checking the breakwater stability under the dynamical conditions.

关 键 词：破碎波 防波堤 冲击作用 冲击波浪力 稳定性验算 

分 类 号：P753[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]