安静型与活泼型工作犬肠道菌群组成的差异性分析  

Differential Analysis of Gut Microbiota Composition Between Quiet and Lively Working Dogs

作　　者：刘成武 宋明强 周士兵 赵健黎 王文星 LIU Chengwu;SONG Mingqiang;ZHOU Shibing;ZHAO Jianli;WANG Wenxing(Police Dog Technology College,Criminal Investigation Police University of China,Shenyang 110034,China;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]中国刑事警察学院警犬技术学院,沈阳110034 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,长沙410125

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第3期1131-1140,共10页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2017YFC0820301);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMZ20220386);中国刑事警察学院校级科研项目(D2022050)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过比较安静型与活泼型工作犬肠道微生物群落结构的差异,明确神经类型与肠道微生物的关联,为工作犬的早期筛选和行为训练提供科学依据。【方法】试验采用配对设计,以神经类型为唯一变量将14只马里努阿犬(12月龄,体重为25.62 kg±2.23 kg,公犬8只,母犬6只)分为安静型与活泼型两组,每组7个重复,每个重复1只犬。试验共30 d,其中前7 d为适应期,后23 d为正式试验期。最后1 d收集新鲜粪便用于高通量测序,分析两种神经类型犬粪便微生物群落结构的差异及其与神经类型之间的联系。【结果】①Alpha多样性分析显示,安静型犬粪便菌群的Chao1指数显著低于活泼型犬(P<0.05),但Shannon指数无统计学差异(P>0.05)。Beta多样性分析显示,两组犬粪便菌群的整体结构存在显著差异(R^(2)=0.59,P<0.01);②门水平上,所有犬粪便菌群中共鉴定出5个相对丰度>1%的菌门,安静型犬粪便菌群中的梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的相对丰度极显著高于活泼型犬(P<0.01),而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)的相对丰度显著低于活泼型犬(P<0.05);属水平上,所有犬粪便菌群中共鉴定出8个相对丰度>5%的菌属,安静型犬粪便中的梭杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和未分类紫单胞菌属(unclassified-Porphyromonadaceae)的相对丰度显著高于活泼型犬(P<0.05),而粪便菌群中的异杆菌属(Allobaculum)、经黏液真杆菌属(Blautia)、梭菌属-ⅪⅤa(Clostridium-ⅪⅤa)、梭菌属-Ⅺ(Clostridium-Ⅺ)和普雷沃菌属(Prevotella)的相对丰度显著低于活泼型犬(P<0.05)。③通过LEfSe分析发现,特定菌群如Fusobacteria及其分支和Proteobacteria在安静型犬粪便中显著富集(P<0.05),而Firmicutes及其分支在活泼型犬粪便中显著富集(P<0.05)。【结论】肠道微生物群落结构可能与犬神经类型存在紧密联系,并可能通过肠道-微生物群-大脑轴【Objective】The objective of this study was to compare the gut microbiota composition between quiet and lively dogs,elucidating the link between neurotype and intestinal microbiota,thereby providing a scientific basis for early screening and behavioral training of working dogs.【Method】A paired design was adopted in the experiment,with neurotype as the only variable.fourteen Malinois dogs(12-month-old,mean weight was 25.62 kg±2.23 kg,eight males,six females)were divided into quiet and lively groups,each with 7 replicates and one dog per replicate.The experimental period was 30 days,comprised a 7-day adaptation phase followed by a 23-day experimental phase.On the final day,fresh feces were collected for high-throughput sequencing to analyze microbial community differences and their associations with neurotypes.【Result】①The α-diversity analysis showed that Chao1 index of fecal microbiota of dogs in quiet group was lower than those of lively group(P<0.05),with no significant difference in Shannon index(P>0.05).β-diversity analysis revealed significant differences in overall fecal microbiota composition between two groups(R^(2)=0.59,P<0.01).②At the phylum level,five bacterial phyla with relative abundance greater than 1% were identified in the fecal microbiota of all dogs.The relative abundances of Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria in the fecal microbiota of quiet dogs were extremely significantly higher than those in lively dogs(P<0.01),and were significantly lower than those of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes(P<0.05).At the genus level,eight bacterial genera with relative abundance greater than 5%were identified in fecal microbiota of all dogs.The relative abundances of Fusobacterium,Lactobacillus,and unclassified-Porphyromonadaceae in feces of quiet dogs were significantly higher than those in lively dogs(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Allobaculum,Blautia,Clostridium-ⅩⅣa,Clostridium-Ⅺ and Prevotella were lower than those in lively dogs(P<0.05).③LEfSe analysis highlighted significant e

关 键 词：工作犬 神经类型 肠道微生物结构 

分 类 号：S829.2[农业科学—畜牧学]