中国境外高水平科技人才回流的空间格局及影响因素  

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of the Return of High-Level Scientific and Technological Talents from Outside China's Customs Borders

作　　者：齐宏纲 产健 师俊杰 雒瑞慧 Qi Honggang;Chan Jian;Shi Junjie;Luo Ruihui(Faculty of Geography,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;National Academy of Innovation Strategy,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学地理学部,天津300387 [2]中国科协创新战略研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《热带地理》2025年第2期223-237,共15页Tropical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42101237)。

摘　　要：基于2009—2020年1 248名有过境外留学或工作经历且随后回国获得国家杰出青年科学基金资助的高水平科技人才履历信息,分别采用社会网络分析法和嵌套Logit模型分析了中国境外高水平科技人才回流的空间格局特征及其影响因素。结果表明:1)境外人才流出城市网络以中国香港、美国剑桥为核心城市,流入城市网络以北京、上海为核心城市,且回流城市分布区域差异显著;2)剑桥(美)是北京、上海境外人才回流的主要来源地,回流至南京的境外人才的主要来源城市是新加坡,而中国香港是广州、武汉境外人才回流的主要来源地;3)个体微观因素上,学缘联系与人才引进计划等级均显著影响人才回流的城市选择。宏观因素上,中国城市的高薪资待遇、较高的科技投入强度和顶尖科研平台的高度集聚是吸引境外高水平科技人才回流的主要影响因素,而教育服务设施舒适性和气温舒适性因素也显著影响境外人才回流的城市选择;4)城市宏观因素对人才回流区位选择的影响存在个体异质性,男性、流动经验丰富、境外居留时间长、重视学缘社会联系、获得高等级人才引进计划支持以及于较晚回流的境外人才在回流选择时,更为重视城市较高的薪资水平和顶尖科研平台的建设水平。Understanding the factors influencing the return of high-level scientific and technological talent from outside China's customs borders is important for optimizing the policy practice of introducing high-level talent from abroad.Based on the biographical information of 1,248 high-level scientific and technological talents who had studied or worked outside China's customs borders and then returned to China to obtain the National Outstanding Young Scientist Fund from 2009 to 2020,this study analyzes the characteristics of the spatial pattern of the return of high-level scientific and technological talents from outside China's customs borders and their influencing factors using social network analysis and a nested logit model,respectively.The results reveal the following:The outflow city network for talents from outside China's customs borders centers around Hong Kong(China)and Cambridge(USA),while the inflow city network is centered on Beijing and Shanghai.There are notable regional differences in the distribution of cities where these talents return.Cambridge(USA)is the primary source of returning talents to Beijing and Shanghai,while Singapore is the main source of returning talents to Nanjing.For Guangzhou and Wuhan,Hong Kong(China)serves as the main source of returning talents.At the individual level,academic ties and the level of talent introduction programs significantly influence the choice of cities for returning talents.At the macro level,high salaries,significant investment in science and technology,and a high concentration of top-tier scientific research platforms in Chinese cities are the primary factors attracting high-level talents from outside China's customs borders.Additionally,the quality of educational service facilities and favorable climate conditions also play a significant role in influencing city choices.Individual heterogeneity exists in the influence of urban macro-factors on location choices for talent return.Male talents,those with mobility experience,or those who have resided outside Ch

关 键 词：高水平科技人才 境外 人才回流 人才引进 城市网络 中国 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学]