基于水声通讯的航道整治建筑物监测关键技术研究  

Research on technologies for monitoring waterway regulation buildings based on underwater acoustic communication

作　　者：谭昆 李芷倩 袁晓玲 宋成果 肖金龙 TAN Kun;LI Zhiqian;YUAN Xiaoling;SONG Chengguo;XIAO Jinlong(Changjiang Waterway Institute of Planning and Design,Wuhan 430040,China;Changjiang Yichang Waterway Bureau,Yichang 443003,China)

机构地区：[1]长江航道规划设计研究院,武汉430040 [2]长江宜昌航道局,宜昌443003

出　　处：《水道港口》2025年第1期79-86,共8页Journal of Waterway and Harbor

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2340217)。

摘　　要：针对水下航道整治建筑物变形与破坏无法实时监测的问题,研究提出基于水声通讯的水下动态感知技术构架,形成集编码、组网、算法为一体的水声通讯方案。经过两轮测试,验证了2 kHz频率声波信号的水中通讯距离超过170 m,以及淤泥、混凝土墙、建筑垃圾等环境下的穿透能力大于3 m,均高于8 kHz频率声波信号;声波穿透遮挡物后,在水中到达不同距离的场强和距离的平方近似成反比;声波在不同介质中的衰减程度不同,随着介质厚度的增加,衰减也更大。研究成果突破水下信号传输技术难题,解决了长江航道长期面临的水下航道整治建筑物监测数据不连续、不及时等问题,为航道整治建筑物损毁分析、维修决策提供了数据支撑。Aiming at the problem that the deformation and damage of underwater waterway improvement buildings could not be monitored in real time,an underwater dynamic sensing technology framework based on hydroacoustic communication was proposed,and a hydroacoustic communication scheme integrating coding,networking,and algorithm was developed.After two rounds of testing,it is verified that the underwater communication distance of the 2 kHz frequency acoustic signal exceed 170 m,and its penetration ability in the environment of silt/concrete wall/construction garbage is over 3 m,which is found to be higher than that of the 8 kHz frequency acoustic signal.It is also observed that after the acoustic wave penetrates through the obstruction,the field strength of the acoustic wave at different distances in the water is roughly inversely proportional to the square of the distance.The attenuation of the acoustic wave is found to vary in different media and increased with the thickness of the media.The technology problem of underwater signal transmission have been broken through,and the long-standing issue of discontinuous and untimely monitoring data of underwater waterway improvement buildings faced by the Yangtze River waterway have been solved.Moreover,data support for the analysis of the damage to waterway improvement buildings and the decision-making of maintenance has been provided.

关 键 词：航道工程 整治建筑物 水声通讯 动态监测 

分 类 号：U617[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]