人工诱导瓦氏黄颡鱼性逆转及雌核发育  

Artificially induced sex-reversal and gynogenesis in darkbarbel catfish(Pelteobagrus vachelli)

作　　者：熊阳 胡景琦 蒋有渤 于贵杰 蒋巍 王旭 孙瑞东 陈见 李佩 李志[3] 王德忠 吴建开 梅洁 XIONG Yang;HU Jingqi;JIANG Youbo;YU Guijie;JIANG Wei;WANG Xu;SUN Ruidong;CHEN Jian;LI Pei;LI Zhi;WANG Dezhong;WU Jiankai;MEI Jie(Hubei Hongshan Laboratory,College of Fisheries,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Fisheries Research Institute,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430207,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Sheyang Kangyu Fisheries Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yancheng 224300,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北洪山实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]武汉市农业科学院水产研究所,湖北武汉430270 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [4]射阳康余水产技术有限公司,江苏盐城224300

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第3期45-57,共13页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-46);江苏省现代农业重点项目(BE2018348);盐城渔业高质量发展重点项目(YCSCYJ2021013);湖北省重点研发计划(2023BBA001)。

摘　　要：【目的】瓦氏黄颡鱼和杂交黄颡鱼(瓦氏黄颡鱼♂×黄颡鱼♀)具有明显的两性生长异形特征。为了创制生长速率快的瓦氏黄颡鱼和杂交黄颡鱼的单性养殖新品系,开展了鱼类性别控制技术和人工诱导雌核发育技术的相关研究,以期获得YY超雄瓦氏黄颡鱼。【方法】研究戊酸雌二醇(EV)和17β-雌二醇(E_(2))不同处理浓度,及E_(2)不同处理时间对瓦氏黄颡鱼性腺分化、生长和存活率的影响,再使用性逆转的瓦氏黄颡鱼个体探索雌核发育的最佳条件。【结果】在7~60 dph,使用低浓度EV(5和10 mg/kg)处理的瓦氏黄颡鱼存在性逆转不彻底的现象,而20和40 mg/kg E_(2)处理的瓦氏黄颡鱼比EV处理组体长、体重和存活率更高,且雌性率高达100%;22~40dph为最短有效处理时间,使用20 mg/kg E_(2)处理的瓦氏黄颡鱼100%雌性率,其生长速率和存活率最接近对照组的瓦氏黄颡鱼。水温25℃时,瓦氏黄颡鱼受精卵第二极体与雌原核开始分离时间为6 min,4℃冷休克20 min处理获得的雌核发育二倍体效果最佳。通过使用能够区分瓦氏黄颡鱼、黄颡鱼及其杂交种的分子标记,共鉴定到62尾雌核发育个体,随机挑选10尾解剖后发现3尾雄性瓦氏黄颡鱼,推断其为YY超雄鱼。【结论】E_(2)处理能高效诱导瓦氏黄颡鱼雌性化,利用性逆转的瓦氏黄颡鱼进行雌核发育可获得超雄鱼,为全雄瓦氏黄颡鱼和全雄杂交黄颡鱼的品种改良和新品种培育奠定了基础。Pelteobagrus vachelli and hybrid yellow catfish(P.vachelli♂×P.fulvidraco♀)exhibit significantly sexual dimorphism in growth.To obtain monosex populations of P.vachelli and hybrid catfish with improved growth performances,we investigated sex control technology and gynogenesis to produce YY super-male P.vachelli.First,we explored the effects of different dosages of estradiol valerate(EV)and 17β-estradiol(E_(2)),as well as various treatment periods of E_(2),on gonadal differentiation,growth,and survival rate of P.vachelli.Then,the sex-reversed fish were used to identify the best condition for gynogenesis.Results showed that lower EV treatments(5 and 10 mg/kg)led to incomplete sex reversal in P.vachelli during 7−60 day-post hatching(dph).In contrast,20 and 40 mg/kg E_(2)treatments resulted in complete feminization,with significantly higher body length,body weight,and survival rate compared to EV-treated fish.The feminization rate of P.vachelli treated with 20 mg/kg E_(2)was 100%during 22−40 dph,with growth performance and survival rate comparable to the control group.Cytological observations revealed that the separation of the second polar body from the female pronucleus of the fertilized egg occurred as early as 6 min post-fertilization at 25℃.We optimized gynogenesis conditions by applying cold shock at 4℃ for 20 min to eggs at 6 min post-fertilization.A total of 62 gynogenetic fish were identified using a pair of genetic markers that efficiently distinguished yellow catfish,darkbarbel catfish,and their interspecific hybrids.Of these,10 gynogenetic fish were sacrificed,and three were males,inferred to be YY super-males.Our results indicate that E_(2)treatment efficiently induces feminization of P.vachelli,and YY super-males can be obtained through gynogenesis of feminized P.vachell.This laid the foundation for the improvement and cultivation of all-male P.vachelli and all-male hybrid yellow catfish(P.vachelli,♂×P.fulvidraco,♀).

关 键 词：瓦氏黄颡鱼 17β-雌二醇(E_(2)) 性逆转 雌核发育 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]