西藏水生生物资源与环境本底状况调查(2017—2021)  

Status of aquatic organisms resources and their environments in Xizang(2017-2021)

作　　者：刘明典[1] 朱峰跃[1] 朱挺兵[1] 李雷[2] 王琳[3] 刘香江 朱仁 刘飞 岑祥 胡飞飞 金星[2] 袁立来 霍斌[4] 何德奎[5] 刘海平 徐玮彤 龚进玲 王鹏[2] 丁放 杨瑞斌[4] 张驰 杜红春 陈中祥[2] 曹坤[3] 扎西拉姆 刘绍平[1] 段辛斌[1] 杨德国[1] 贾银涛[5] 李应仁[3] 李大鹏[4] 马波[2] 牟振波 陈大庆[1] LIU Mingdian;ZHU Fengyue;ZHU Tingbing;LI Lei;WANG Lin;LIU Xiangjiang;ZHU Ren;LIU Fei;CEN Xiang;HU Feifei;JIN Xing;YUAN Lilai;HUO Bin;HE Dekui;LIU Haiping;XU Weitong;GONG Jinling;WANG Peng;DING Fang;YANG Ruibin;ZHANG Chi;DU Hongchun;CHEN Zhongxiang;CAO Kun;ZHAXI Lamu;LIU Shaoping;DUAN Xinbin;YANG Deguo;JIA Yintao;LI Yingren;LI Dapeng;MA Bo;MOU Zhenbo;CHEN Daqing(National Agricultural Science Observing and Experimental Station of Chongqing,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Beijing 100141,China;Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Aquatic Science Institute,Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science,Lhasa 850032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,国家农业科学重庆观测实验站,湖北武汉430223 [2]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [3]中国水产科学研究院,北京100141 [4]华中农业大学,湖北武汉430070 [5]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [6]西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所,西藏自治区拉萨850032

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第3期113-136,共24页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：农业农村部财政专项“西藏重点水域渔业资源与环境调查(2017-2021)”;中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2023TD09)。

摘　　要：【目的】全面了解西藏水生生物资源和生态环境本底状况。【方法】中国水产科学研究院(长江水产研究所,黑龙江水产研究所,资源环境研究中心)、华中农业大学、中国科学院水生生物研究所和西藏农牧科学院水产科学研究所联合对西藏雅鲁藏布江、怒江、澜沧江、巴松错、哲古错、错那、错鄂(三江四湖)的鱼类种类组成、鱼类资源量、渔业生态环境等开展了系统调查。【结果】①2017—2021年西藏三江四湖采集到鱼类53种,隶属于2目5科24属,其中土著鱼45种,外来鱼6种,杂交种鱼2种;②基于数量和生物量,雅鲁藏布江上游鱼类优势种包括拉萨裸裂尻鱼、双须叶须鱼、异齿裂腹鱼和尖裸鲤,中游鱼类优势种包括异齿裂腹鱼、巨须裂腹鱼、拉萨裸裂尻鱼、拉萨裂腹鱼,加查至桑日江段国家二级保护动物尖裸鲤和黑斑原鮡的重量占比均显著下降,下游鱼类优势种包括弧唇裂腹鱼、西藏墨头鱼、黄斑熠鮡、墨脱裂腹鱼、平鳍裸吻鱼,怒江鱼类优势种包括裸腹叶须鱼、热裸裂尻鱼、怒江裂腹鱼,澜沧江鱼类优势种主要为光唇裂腹鱼和澜沧裂腹鱼,巴松错鱼类优势种包括异齿裂腹鱼和巨须裂腹鱼,哲古错鱼类优势种包括异尾高原鳅、高原裸鲤和拉萨裸裂尻鱼,错那和错鄂鱼类优势种均为热裸裂尻鱼和异尾高原鳅;③外来物种主要分布在雅鲁藏布江中游;④西藏三江四湖水质基本符合渔业水质标准,雅鲁藏布江上游水域总氮和总磷的浓度均低于中游和下游。【结论】2017—2021年西藏三江四湖调查到的土著鱼物种数(45种)占西藏历史上土著鱼类物种数(72种)的62.50%,异齿裂腹鱼和拉萨裸裂尻鱼是雅鲁藏布江上游和中游均有的优势种,雅鲁藏布江中游加查至桑日江段濒危物种尖裸鲤和黑斑原鮡的重量占比均显著下降;外来物种主要分布在雅鲁藏布江中游;三江四湖水质基本符合渔�Xizang serves as a crucial ecological and security barrier for China.Its fragile ecological environment is difficult to restore once destroyed.To implement the national policy prioritizing protection over development and to enhance the precision and pragmatism of agricultural support to Xizang,the Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences proposed a special initiative titled"Fishery source and environment survey of key waters in Xizang".This initiative was based on the unique characteristics of Xizang's fishery resources and environment.Field sampling and remote sensing monitoring were employed to comprehensively asscess the aquatic organisms and ecological environment in Xizang.The Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute,Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Institute of Hydrobiology(Chinese Academy of Sciences),and Institute of Aquatic Science(Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science)conducted surveys on fish species composition,abundance,and status of fisheries ecological environment in three rivers(Yarlung Zangbo River,Nujiang River,Lancang River)and four lakes(Basomtso Lake,Zhegu Lake,Lake Amdo Tsonak Co,and Co Ngoin Lake).From 2017 to 2021,53 fish species were collected,belonging to 24 genera,5 families,and 2 orders,including 45 native species,6 non-native species,and 2 hybrids.Dominant species in the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River included Schizopygopsis younghusbandi,Ptychobarbus dipogon,Schizothorax oconnori,and Oxygymnocypris stewartii.In the middle reach,dominant species were S.oconnori,S.macropogon,S.younghusbandi,and S.waltoni.In the lower reach,dominant species were S.curvilabiatus,Garra kempi,Sisoridae sulcatus,S.molesworthi,Psilorhynchus homaloptera.In the Nujiang River,dominant species were Ptychobarbus kaznakovi,S.thermalis,S.nukiangensis.In the Lancang River,dominant species were S.lissolabiatus and S.lantsangensis.In the Basomtso Lake,dominant species were S.oconnori and S.macropog

关 键 词：鱼类资源 种类组成 优势种 环境 西藏 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]