分布于雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼的饵料生物组成与摄食特性  

Food organism compositions and feeding characteristics of Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus in the middle reach of Yalong River

作　　者：李筱芹 曾如奎 倪达富 冯钢 万卓坤 王洁 吴彤飞 鲁桃秀 邓华堂[4] 姚维志[1] 付梅 吕红健 LI Xiaoqin;ZENG Rukui;NI Dafu;FENG Gang;WAN Zhuokun;WANG Jie;WU Tongfei;LU Taoxiu;DENG Huatang;YAO Weizhi;FU Mei;LÜHongjian(Conservation and Research Centre for Aquatic Biodiversity in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River,Research Central of Fishery Resources and Environment,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400716,China;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China;The Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Yucheng Ya'an,Ya'an 625000,China;Fishery Resources and Environmental Science Experimental Station of The Upper-Middle Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学水产学院,农业农村部长江上游水生生物多样性保护研究中心,西南大学渔业资源环境研究中心,重庆400716 [2]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,四川成都610000 [3]雅安市雨城区农业农村局,四川雅安625000 [4]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部长江中上游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《水产学报》2025年第3期155-174,共20页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3204200);国家自然科学基金(31802296);雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司资助科研项目(YLGZ-GZAZZ2020232);农业农村部长江流域渔政监督管理办公室资助项目(17200302)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究雅砻江中游现有厚唇裸重唇鱼的饵料生物组成与摄食特性。【方法】通过分析于2020年10月至12月、2021年3月和2022年5月在四川省甘孜藏族自治州内新龙县至雅江县江段采集的207尾厚唇裸重唇鱼样本的摄食强度,并分别选取30与53尾样本测量肠道长度、分析肠道内容物。【结果】雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼的总体摄食强度较低,且在繁殖期的摄食强度最低。厚唇裸重唇鱼所摄食饵料生物的总种类数为38种,主要饵料生物为大型无脊椎动物中的纹石蛾幼虫,并兼食等片、舟形藻、桥弯藻、异极藻等着生藻类。厚唇裸重唇鱼肠道系数(IC)平均值为1.61±0.06,处于已有研究裂腹鱼类的中下游水平;其饵料生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)分别为2.10和0.58,处于已有研究裂腹鱼类的上游水平。此外,Amundsen图示法和Schoener重叠指数结果均表明,雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼不同体长组及不同性别之间的饵料生物重叠程度较高,而不同季节采集样本之间的饵料生物重叠程度较低。【结论】雅砻江中游厚唇裸重唇鱼属广食性鱼类,也属偏食底栖无脊椎动物的杂食性鱼类,且相较于体型与性别而言,季节更替对其饵料生物组成的影响更为明显。研究结果丰富了厚唇裸重唇鱼的基础生物学资料,同时为其野生资源保护、人工驯养、饲料研发等提供了基础数据。Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus,a native fish species of the Schizothoracinae subfamily in China,is primarily distributed in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the middle to upper reaches of the Yalong River.To analyze the feeding characteristics(including feeding intensity and its seasonal variation,composition and diversity of food organisms,and feeding strategy)of G.pachycheilus in the middle reaches of the Yalong River,a total of 207 samples were collected from this ragion in Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province,between October 2020 and May 2022.Specifically,207,30,and 53 G.pachycheilus samples were used to assess feeding intensity and food composition among different size,gender,and seasonal groups,measure intestinal length(IC),and analyze intestinal contents,respectively.Results indicated that the overall feeding intensity of G.pachycheilus was low in the middle reaches of the Yalong River,with the lowest intensity observed during the reproduction season.A total of 38 prey species were identified for G.pachycheilus,with Hydropsychidae larvae(a benthic macroinvertebrates)being the primary food source.G.pachycheilus also consumed attached algae of Bacillariophyta(e.g.,Diatoma spp.,Navicula spp.,Cymbella spp.,Comphonema spp.,etc.).The average intestinal(IC)of 30 G.pachycheilus samples was 1.61±0.06,which was considered a lower-middle level of Schizothoracinae fishes according to the previous studies.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')and Pielou evenness index(J)of the food organisms for G.pachycheilus were 2.10 and 0.58,respectively,indicating relative high levels of dietary diversity and evenness compared to other Schizothoracinae species.Furthermore,analysis using the Amundsen graphic method and Schoener overlap index revealed higher dietary overlap among G.pachycheilus samples from different body length and gender groups,while lower overlap was observed among seasonal groups.Overall,G.pachycheilus in the middle reaches of the Yalong River is an euryphagous and omnivorous species that

关 键 词：裂腹鱼亚科 厚唇裸重唇鱼 饵料生物组成 摄食特性 雅砻江中游 

分 类 号：S931.3[农业科学—渔业资源]