论轻罪出罪路径之隘口及其畅通——基于但书适用的司法展开  

The Gap and Smoothing Path of Minor Crimes:Judicial Development Based on the Application of the Proviso in Minor Offenses

作　　者：陈小彪[1] 朱春宇 CHEN Xiao-biao;ZHU Chun-yu(School Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,401120,Chongqing,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学法学院,重庆401120

出　　处：《石河子大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第1期78-87,共10页Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：深圳市人民检察院2024年检察理论研究项目“轻罪出罪机制研究:以起诉裁量为视角”(SZJC202429)。

摘　　要：轻罪时代下出罪路径的闭塞阻滞了轻罪体系的优化。当前我国实体出罪路径存在“但书”适用标准不一、排除犯罪性行为认定条件严苛的问题,而程序出罪路径除面临不起诉制度适用范围狭窄之弊端外,我国司法体制偏重追诉犯罪的特性也阻碍着出罪程序的运行。与程序出罪所具有的规范明确性相比,实体出罪路径具备较大的解释空间,其司法适用也较为紊乱,有必要对其进行梳理与畅通。“但书”内容的模糊性致使其内涵易被误读,而刑法与前置法衔接的不被重视也挤压了“但书”适用空间,罪量要素之规范“缺位”也不利于“但书”的司法展开。有必要畅通“但书”出罪路径的层层隘口,以实现轻罪治理体系的优化。应该承认,作为实体出罪主要路径的“但书”里应具备出罪功能,学理上对“但书”功能的讨论阻碍不了“但书”出罪功能的司法发挥,“但书”与犯罪构成体系的冲突也不能否定“但书”本身的合理性。In the era of misdemeanor,the blockage of the criminal path has hindered the optimization of the misdemeanor system.At present,there are problems with the confusion of the application standards of the“proviso”and the strict conditions for excluding criminal acts in the path of entity crime in China.In addition to the narrow application scope of the non-prosecution system,the focus of China’s judicial system on prosecuting crimes also hinders the operation of the crime procedure.Compared with the normative clarity of procedural crime,the path of substantive crime has further ways to explain,and its judicial application is also more disorderly.It is necessary to sort out and clarify it.The ambiguity of the content of“proviso”makes its connotation easily misunderstood,and the lack of attention to the connection between criminal law and pre-existing law also squeezes the applicable space of“proviso”.The“absence”of standardized elements of crime quantity is also not conducive to the judicial implementation of the“proviso”.It is necessary to smooth out the layers of loopholes in the path of“proviso”to achieve the optimization of the system for managing minor crimes.It should be acknowledged that the“proviso”,as the main path for entity crime,should have the function of decriminalization.The discussion of the“proviso”function in academic theory cannot hinder the judicial play of its crime function,and the conflict between the“proviso”and the criminal composition system cannot deny the rationality of the“proviso”itself.

关 键 词：轻罪治理 但书适用 程序出罪 实体出罪 实质解释 

分 类 号：D924.13[政治法律—刑法学]