2010-2022年黑龙江省人间炭疽流行病学特征及影响因素分析  

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of human anthrax in Heilongjiang province from2010 to 2022

作　　者：葛晶雪 唐磊[1] 尹世辉[1] 袁爽[1] 杨洋 邢智锋[1] GE Jing-Xue;TANG Lei;YIN Shi-hui;YUAN Shuang;YANG Yang;XING Zhi-Feng(Institute of Endemic Diseases and Vector Control,Heilongjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin,Heilongjiang150030,China;School of Public Health,Jiamusi University)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心地方病与病媒生物预防控制所,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]佳木斯大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2024年第11期801-805,共5页Preventive Medicine Tribune

基　　金：黑龙江省卫生健康委科研课题(20221212071183)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2010-2022年黑龙江省人间炭疽流行特征及影响因素,为人间炭疽的防控工作提供科学依据。方法 2010-2022年黑龙江省人间炭疽疫情资料、人口数据来源于中国疾病预防控制信息系统传染病报告信息管理系统,气象数据来源于国家青藏高原科学数据中心的逐月气象数据,土地利用数据来源于中国逐年土地覆盖数据集。采用Excel 2016软件对数据进行整理和分析,用描述流行病学方法对2010-2022年疫情概况及流行特征进行分析,用ArcGIS10.8软件的区域统计方法进行各县区逐年气象数据计算,将各县区年均数据导入SPSS 29.0统计软件中做主成分分析,再以提取的因子作为变量进一步做聚类分析。结果 2010-2022年黑龙江省共报告人间炭疽病例136例,死亡1例,均为皮肤炭疽,年均发病率为0.027 5/10万。线性趋势检验显示,尽管存在波动,但整体发病率呈现显著上升趋势(χ^(2)=124,P<0.001)。男女病例比例4.67∶1,性别差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.919,P<0.05);主要集中于40~59岁(60.29%,82/136),年龄差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.047,P<0.05);农民占据绝大多数(76.47%,104/136);疫情季节性强,夏秋季为高发期,尤以6-9月最为显著,发病率自5月起逐渐攀升,8月达到峰值后逐渐回落。森林及耕地面积占比是炭疽发病的主要影响因素,而气温、降水及草地面积则对疫情也有影响。结论 2010-2022年黑龙江省人间炭疽以6-9月高发,主要发病人群为农民,森林及耕地面积占比是炭疽发病的主要影响因素,气温、降水和草地面积等自然因素也对炭疽有一定影响。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of human anthrax in Hei-longjiang province from 2010 to 2022,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of human anthrax.Methods Information on the human anthrax epidemic in Heilongjiang province from 2010 to 2022,population data from the Information Management System for Infectious Disease Reporting of the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention,meteorological data from the month-by-month meteorological data of the National Tibetan Plat-eau Scientific Data Center,and land-use data from China's year-by-year land-cover dataset.Excel 2016 software was used to organize and analyze the data,descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic profile and epidemio-logical characteristics from 2010 to 2022,regional statistical methods of ArcGIS 10.8 software were used to calculate the year-by-year meteorological data of each county and district,and the yearly average data of each county and district were imported into SPSS 29.O statistical software to do principal component analysis,and then the extracted factors were used as variables to further do cluster analysis.Results A total of 136 human anthrax cases and 1 death were reported in Heilongjiang province from 2010 to 2022,all of which were cutaneous anthrax,with an average annual incidence of 0.0275/105.Linear trend test showed that despite fluctuations,the overall incidence showed a significanttupwardtrend(χ^(2)=124,P<0.001).The ratio of male to female cases was 4.67:1,with a statistically significant gender difference(χ^(2)=16.919,P<0.05).Cases were mainly concentrated in the age group of 40-59 years old(60.29%,82/136),with a statistically significant difference in age(χ^(2)=12.047,P<0.05).Farmers accounted for the vast majority of the population(76.47%,104/136),and the outbreaks were highly seasonal.Summer and fall were the high incidence period,especially from June to September,which was the most significant,and the in

关 键 词：人间炭疽 流行病学特征 影响因素 防控措施 黑龙江 

分 类 号：R517.2[医药卫生—内科学]