Bidirectional Evacuation in Subway Fires Considering the Number of Retrograders and Proactive Avoidance Behavior Based on Experiments and Simulations  

作　　者：Qing Deng Zheng Zhou Shirong Zhang Li Deng Ye Xu Jialing Zhu Huiling Jiang Feng Yu 

机构地区：[1]Research Institute of Macro-Safety Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China [2]School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China [3]Honghe Cigarette Factory,Hongyunhonghe Tobacco(Group)Co.,LTD,Kunming 652399,China [4]Central South Architectural Design Institute Co,Wuhan 430071,China [5]Technical Support Center for Prevention and Control of Disastrous Accidents in Metal Smelting,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China [6]School of International and Public Affairs,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China [7]Key Laboratory of Urban Complex Risk Control and Resilience Governance,Shanghai Emergency Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China

出　　处：《International Journal of Disaster Risk Science》2024年第6期919-934,共16页国际灾害风险科学学报(英文版)

基　　金：supported by the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.8242014);National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72274123,72004113,72174099,72104123);Henan International Joint Laboratory of Man Machine Environment and Emergency Management,Anyang Institute of Technology(KFKT-001);Key R&D special projects in Henan(221111321000),Interdisciplinary project of University of Science and Technology Beijing(FRF-IDRY-22-017);Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.24692104600)。

摘　　要：Subway fires often cause significant casualties and property losses.There are some special bidirectional coupling scenarios during subway fires,such as firefighters moving against the evacuation flow to extinguish fires,emergency managers going to the fire scene to respond to emergencies,or other similar scenarios.How to evacuate passengers quickly and enable responders to enter the fire scene has become a big challenge for subway fire evacuation and response.The core goal is to reduce the degree of mutual interaction between these people moving in opposite directions.In this study,the impact of counterflow individuals and proactive avoidance behavior on evacuation processes was investigated through experiments and simulations.The Fire Dynamic Simulator was used to simulate the development of a fire scenario to determine the available safe egress time.Micro-evacuation experiments were conducted to obtain actual evacuation parameters,such as the speeds of different objects.With these parameters as input,a macro subway fire scenario was built to simulate the bidirectional evacuation process.Consistent conclusions were obtained from the experiments and evacuation simulations.The results indicate that the overall evacuation time increases with the number of retrograders.Proactive avoidance behavior can effectively reduce the travel time of counterflow individuals,but it causes slight delays for forward-moving evacuees.An optimization strategy was implemented through conductor guidance.All passengers can successfully evacuate under the optimization strategy,with a 25.3%improvement in overall evacuation time.This research provides some insights into the coordinated evacuation and emergency response during subway fires or similar scenarios.

关 键 词：Bidirectional pedestrian flows Evacuation experiment Macro-evacuation simulation Proactive avoidance behavior Subway fire 

分 类 号：U231.96[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]