功能性离子液体靶向萃取提钒研究进展  

Research progress of targeted extraction of vanadium by functional ionic liquids

作　　者：项新月 叶国华[1] 项朋志[1,2] 荣一阳 张云 宋昌溆 Xiang Xinyue;Ye Guohua;Xiang Pengzhi;Rong Yiyang;Zhang Yun;Song Changxu(Faculty of Land Resource Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;School of Chemical Engineering,Yunnan Open University,Kunming 650023,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]云南开放大学化学工程学院,云南昆明650023

出　　处：《钢铁钒钛》2024年第6期39-49,共11页Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52464029);云南省教育厅基金项目离子液体合成及萃取提钒试验研究(2024J0766)。

摘　　要：溶剂萃取法是提钒最常用的分离富集方法。传统的工业萃钒方法存在萃取效果不理想、选择性差以及环境和安全方面等问题。离子液体具有宽液程、低蒸汽压不易挥发、物化性质可调、易于功能性设计、电化学窗口宽、导电性好、热稳定性高等诸多优点,可实现钒的靶向高效萃取。综述了离子液体萃取回收钒的研究进展,重点关注了咪唑类离子液体和季铵盐类离子液体的物化性质、合成方法与萃钒机理。钒的萃取机理主要包括阴离子交换和中性络合等机制,通过不同离子液体的特性,钒的萃取效率和选择性得以优化。通过对离子液体在提钒过程中的机理分析和应用案例的揭示,以期为钒提取领域的研究和应用提供参考。同时,也指出了离子液体萃取剂在成本、大规模应用等方面面临的一些挑战,需要进一步的研究和发展。The solvent extraction method is the most commonly used technique for the separation and enrichment of vanadium.However,traditional industrial vanadium extraction methods encounter issues such as unsatisfactory extraction efficiency,poor selectivity,and environmental and safety concerns.Ionic liquids possess many advantages,including a wide liquid range,low vapor pressure,non-volatility,tunable physical and chemical properties,ease of functional design,a wide electrochemical window,good conductivity,and high thermal stability,enabling targeted and efficient extraction of vanadium.This review summarizes the research progress on the extraction and recovery of vanadium using ionic liquids,with a focus on the physical and chemical properties,synthesis methods,and extraction mechanisms of imidazolium and quaternary ammonium ionic liquids.The extraction mechanisms of vanadium mainly include anion exchange and neutral complexation,which optimize the extraction efficiency and selectivity of vanadium through the unique properties of different ionic liquids.By analyzing the mechanisms of ionic liquids in the vanadium extraction process and revealing application cases,this review aims to provide references for research and applications in the field of vanadium extraction.Additionally,it highlights the challenges faced by ionic liquid extractants in terms of cost and large-scale application, indicating that further research and development are needed.

关 键 词：提钒 溶剂萃取 咪唑类离子液体 季铵盐类离子液体 

分 类 号：TF841.3[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]