蜘蛛耦合抑菌复合剂有效控制水稻病虫害发生的研究  

COUPLING OF PREDATOR SPIDERS AND BACTERIOSTATIC AGENT BENEFITS TO CONTROLLING RICE DISEASES AND PESTS

作　　者：张俊基 陈志武[1] 陆静 刘永康 刘继贺 肖永红[1] ZHANG Junji;CHEN Zhiwu;LU Jing;LIU Yongkang;LIU Jihe;XIAO Yonghong(School of Life Sciences,Jinggangshan University,Ji'an,Jiangxi 343009,China;Dragonfly Agricultural Research Co.,LTD,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210019,China;Jiangxi Star-fire Biotechnological Co.,LTD,Yichun,Jiangxi 336000,China)

机构地区：[1]井冈山大学生命科学学院,江西吉安343009 [2]蜻蜓农业研究院(江苏)有限公司,江苏南京210019 [3]江西星火生物科技有限公司,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《井冈山大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期58-70,共13页Journal of Jinggangshan University (Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160243);江西省教育厅科技研究重点项目(GJJ190543);井冈山大学科研基金专项项目(自然)(JFD2305)。

摘　　要：为了检验广食性蜘蛛耦合有益菌群复合剂的生防技术对水稻病虫害的控制效果,本研究在江苏省建湖县和江西省宜春市水稻基地开展了生物防治与化学防治的大田对比试验。生防田全程不使用化学农药,通过释放天敌蜘蛛控制害虫、施用有益微生物复合菌剂防治病害;化防田则采用常规化学农药防治病害。结果显示,在建湖试验区,生防田蜘蛛密度显著高于化防田(狼蛛超30头/m^(2),球蛛、皿蛛均超20头/m^(2);化防田低于10头/m^(2),P<0.05)。稻飞虱在生防田中期高峰达250头/m^(2),显著高于化防田(P<0.05)。稻瘟病和纹枯病发病率在生防田显著低于化防田(P<0.05)。宜春试验区的蜘蛛密度差异更大(生防田狼蛛超40头/m^(2),化防田低于10头/m^(2),P<0.05),主要害虫稻飞虱与卷叶螟在生防田密度显著高于化防田(P<0.05),但稻叶蝉和钻心虫无显著差异(P>0.05)。稻瘟病和纹枯病的发病率在生防田和化防田间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上,联合“以菌防病”和“以蛛治虫”的生物防治措施,可以有效控制水稻主要病虫害的爆发,且生防田水稻产量达化防田98%以上,进一步证实了蜘蛛耦合有益菌复合剂生防技术的可行性与推广价值。To evaluate the efficacy of a biological control strategy integrating generalist predatory spiders with beneficial microbial consortia in managing rice pests and diseases,field trials were conducted in rice fields located in Jianhu County,Jiangsu Province,and Yichun City,Jiangxi Province.In the biological control fields,chemical pesticides were completely replaced by the release of predatory spiders to control insect pests and the application of beneficial microbial consortia to combat diseases.Conventional chemical pesticide applications were employed in the chemical control fields.The results demonstrated that,in Jianhu,spider density in the biological control fields was significantly higher than in the chemical control fields(wolf spiders exceeding 30 individuals/m~2,cob-web spiders and sheet weaver spiders both exceeding 20 individuals/m~2 in the biological control fields,compared to fewer than 10 individuals/m~2 in the chemical control fields;P<0.05).The density of rice planthoppers peaked at 250 individuals/m~2 in the biological control fields,significantly higher than that in the chemical control fields(P<0.05).However,the incidence rates of rice blast and sheath blight were significantly lower in the biological control fields(P<0.05).In Yichun,the difference in spider density was even more pronounced(wolf spiders exceeding 40 individuals/m~2 in the biological control fields versus fewer than 10individuals/m~2 in the chemical control fields;P<0.05).Major insect pests,such as rice planthoppers and rice leafrollers,exhibited significantly higher densities in the biological control fields compared to the chemical control fields(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were observed for green leafhoppers or rice stem borers between the two treatments(P>0.05).Additionally,the incidence rates of rice blast and sheath blight did not differ significantly between the biological and chemical control fields(P>0.05).In summary,the integrated biological control strategy combining"microbial disease prevention"and"spid

关 键 词：复合有益菌剂 广谱性捕食者 自然天敌 蜘蛛 生物防治 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]