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作 者:邢焱鹏 XING Yanpeng(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100084,China)
出 处:《西南政法大学学报》2025年第1期88-102,共15页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law
基 金:2024年度中国人民大学“求是学术-栋梁”品牌研究项目“连带债务中债务免除的涉他效力研究”(RUC24QSDL010)。
摘 要:债权人免除部分连带债务人的债务,我国《民法典》第520条第2款采限制绝对效力模式。比较法上存在相对效力模式和限制绝对效力模式的立法分歧,这与连带债务概念的建构方式有关。若采限制绝对效力模式,当事人希望产生相对效力,可以通过不起诉协议的方式实现。目前的立法发展趋势是对两种模式都加以允许,并通过对当事人意思表示的解释来确定产生何种效力。我国《民法典》第520条第2款的限制绝对效力为一般规则,可能因连带债务的发生原因及类型的不同而存在区别。在损害赔偿的连带债务中,如果债务人对同一损害负连带责任时,免除只产生相对效力。债权人免除部分连带债务人的债务,对连带债务人之间的内部追偿关系也将产生影响。For the scenario where the creditor exempts part of the obligations of joint and several debtors,Article 520(2)of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China adopts a restrictive absolute effectiveness approach.There is a legislative divergence between the relative effectiveness model and the restrictive absolute effectiveness model in comparative law,which is attributable to the way in which the concept of joint and several obligations is constructed.If the restrictive absolute effectiveness model is adopted,and the parties intend to opt for relative effectiveness instead,they can achieve it by way of a non-prosecution agreement.The current overall legislative trends are to allow for both models and determine which type of effectiveness will be adopted based on interpretation of the parties’expressions of intention.The restrictive absolute effectiveness under Article 520(2)of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China is in fact a general rule,which may vary depending on the cause and type of joint and several obligations.Therefore,in joint and several obligations for damages,if the debtors are jointly and severally liable for the same damage,then the exemption will only has relative effectiveness.The creditor’s exemption of part of the joint debtors’debts will also affects the recourse pattern among the joint debtors.
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