行贿罪的保护法益与责任归属研究  

On the Protection of Legal Interests and Attribution of Liabilities Pertaining to the Crime of Offering Bribery

作　　者：李世阳[1] LI Shiyang(Guanghua Law School,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,杭州310008

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2025年第1期103-116,共14页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“二元规范论视角下刑法解释论的重构研究”(24BFX114)。

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十二)》加重了对行贿罪的处罚力度,这是严厉打击贿赂犯罪这一刑事政策在立法上的反映。从罪刑法定原则与罪刑均衡原则出发,应以行贿罪的保护法益与罪质为基础构建解释规则。将行贿罪的保护法益直接等同于受贿罪的保护法益,忽视了行贿罪与受贿罪在构造上的差异。行贿行为是行为人对国家工作人员利用职务便利不公平地分配公共资源的教唆行为。行贿罪与受贿罪在侵犯公共资源平等分配权方面具有共通性。既然承诺、约定是受贿罪实行行为的一部分,那么按此逻辑,行贿罪的实行行为也应包括行求与期约。行贿罪的7种法定从重处罚情形,应当在公共资源分配的机会公平性这一保护法益视角下进行解读。Amendment XII to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China strengthens the punishment against the crime of offering bribery,which is China’s legislative response to the country’s criminal justice policy of cracking down on bribery crimes.Proceeding from the principles of legality and balance between crime and punishment,interpretive rules should be constructed based on the protection of legal interests and the nature of the crime of offering bribery.If the protection of legal interests in the context of the crime of offering bribery were equalized with the protection of legal interests associated with the crime of accepting bribery,then the constitutive differences between the two types of criminal offenses would be unduly neglected.Offering bribery involves the perpetrator’s instigation of unfair distribution of public resources on the part of a state functionary by abusing the latter’s office.In this sense,the crime of offering bribery and the crime of accepting bribery do share a commonality in that they both undermine the right to equal distribution of public resources.As promising and agreement are part of the perpetration of the crime of accepting bribery,then by the same logic,committing the crime of offering bribery should also include the elements of offering and promising.The seven statutory aggravating penalties for the crime of offering bribery should be interpreted in the context of the protection of the legal interests related to fairness in access to the distribution of public resources.

关 键 词：行贿罪 保护法益 机会公平性 责任归属 

分 类 号：DF636[政治法律—刑法学]