0.1 mHz-1Hz频段超低噪声光电探测器实验研究  

Experimental study of ultra-low noise photodetectors in 0.1 mHz–1 Hz frequency band

作　　者：尚鑫 李番 马正磊 黄天时 党昊 李卫 尹王保[2,3] 田龙 陈力荣[3,4] 郑耀辉 SHANG Xin;LI Fan;MA Zhenglei;HUANG Tianshi;DANG Hao;LI Wei;YIN Wangbao;TIAN Long;CHEN Lirong;ZHENG Yaohui(State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices,Institute of Opto-Electronics,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics Technologies and Devices,Institute of Laser Spectroscopy,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;College of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学光电研究所,光量子技术与器件全国重点实验室,太原030006 [2]山西大学激光光谱研究所,光量子技术与器件全国重点实验室,太原030006 [3]山西大学,极端光学协同创新中心,太原030006 [4]山西大学物理电子工程学院,太原030006

出　　处：《物理学报》2025年第5期1-8,共8页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2020YFC2200402);国家自然科学基金(批准号:62225504,U22A6003,62035015,12174234,12274275);山西省基础研究计划(批准号:202303021224006);山西省重点研发计划(批准号:202302150101015)资助的课题.

摘　　要：针对空间引力波探测中抑制0.1 mHz-1 Hz频段激光强度噪声需求,基于光电二极管在光伏模式下具有低暗电流的特点,采用零偏置电压方案,结合零失调电压漂移的集成运放及低温漂金属箔电阻组成跨阻放大电路,优化跨阻电容以及跟随电路;进一步通过主动温控对光电二极管控温来稳定光电二极管响应度,研发出在0.1 mHz-1 Hz频段内超低电子学噪声的光电探测器.利用自研的强度噪声评估系统对其噪声进行时域及频域全面评估测试,实验结果表明:所研发探测器的电子学噪声谱密度达到2×10^(–6)V/Hz^(1/2)@0.1 mHz-1 Hz,探测器增益能够达到35 kV/W@1064 nm.该探测器噪声性能比空间引力波探测中对激光强度噪声(1×10^(–4)V/Hz^(1/2))的要求小两个数量级,为高增益光电反馈控制以及空间引力波探测中激光强度噪声抑制等方面提供关键器件及技术支撑.Laser intensity noise suppression in the millihertz frequency band is essential for space-based gravitational wave detection to ensure the sensitivity of the interferometer.Optoelectronic feedback technology is one of the most effective methods of suppressing laser intensity noise.The noise of the photodetector that is the first-stage component in the feedback loop,directly couples into the feedback loop,thus significantly affecting the laser intensity noise.In this paper,starting from the requirement of suppressing laser intensity noise in the 0.1 mHz–1 Hz frequency band for space-based gravitational wave detection,the factors affecting the electronics of photodetectors at extremely low frequencies are analyzed in detail.Using the low dark current characteristic of photodiodes in photovoltaic mode,a zero-bias voltage scheme is adopted to reduce the dark noise of the photodiode.A transimpedance amplification circuit is designed using an integrated operational amplifier with zero offset voltage drift and low-temperature drift metal foil resistors,thereby optimizing the transimpedance capacitor and follower circuit to reduce 1/f noise in the circuit.Active temperature control is employed to stabilize the responsivity of photodiode,and additional measures such as using a homemade low-noise power supply and shielding interference are taken to further reduce the noise.Ultimately,an ultra-low electronic noise photodetector operating in the 0.1 mHz–1 Hz frequency band is developed.A homemade intensity noise evaluation system is used to comprehensively assess the noise both in the time domain and in the frequency domain.The constant noise characteristics of the homemade detector are estimated experimentally.The experimental results show that the electronic noise spectral density of the homemade detector reaches 2×10^(–6) V/Hz^(1/2) in the 0.1 mHz–1 Hz frequency band,and the electronic noise of the detector does not vary with optical power.The detector achieves a gain of 35 kV/W at 1064 nm.The noise performance o

关 键 词：空间引力波探测 激光强度噪声 光电探测器 毫赫兹频段 

分 类 号：TN9[电子电信—信息与通信工程]