基于塑料闪烁体探测器的宇宙线缪子与太阳调制效应观测  

Observation and research on cosmic ray muons and solar modulation effect based on plastic scintillator detector

作　　者：王德鑫[1,2] 张蕊 尉德康 那蕙 姚张浩 吴凌赫 张苏雅拉吐 †梁泰然 黄美容 王志龙 白宇 黄永顺 杨雪 张嘉文 刘梦迪 马蔷 于静 纪秀艳 于伊丽琦 邵学鹏 WANG Dexin;ZHANG Rui;YU Dekang;NA Hui;YAO Zhanghao;WU Linghe;ZHANG Suyalatu;LIANG Tairan;HUANG Meirong;WANG Zhilong;BAI Yu;HUANG Yongshun;YANG Xue;ZHANG Jiawen;LIU Mengdi;MA Qiang;YU Jing;JI Xiuyan;YU Yiliqi;SHAO Xuepeng(College of Physics and Electronics,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028043,China;Institute of Nuclear Physics,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028043,China;Tongliao Meteorological Bureau,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学物理与电子信息学院,通辽028043 [2]内蒙古民族大学核物理研究所,通辽028043 [3]通辽市气象局,通辽028000

出　　处：《物理学报》2025年第5期275-282,共8页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:12365018,U2032146,12465024);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(批准号:2023MS01005,2024ZD23,2024FX30);内蒙古自治区科技英才项目(批准号:NMGIRT2217,NJYT23109)资助的课题.

摘　　要：利用塑料闪烁体探测器进行了宇宙线缪子计数谱及各向异性特性的观测实验.实验采用双端符合测量和标准g源进行能量刻度,显著减小了探测器的噪声干扰,提高了测量数据的可靠性.通过引入温度与气压修正函数,对计数结果进行了气象效应校正.实验结果显示,缪子在塑料闪烁体探测器中的能量损失呈现出随时间和太阳活动变化的周期性特征,反映出太阳对宇宙线各向异性的调制效应.此外,实验数据与羊八井观测站中子-缪子望远镜的观测结果在缪子计数的日周期变化趋势上表现出较高的一致性.本研究为深入探索宇宙线缪子的能量分布及太阳调制效应提供了可靠的实验依据,同时为宇宙线探测技术的应用与发展提供了重要参考.Cosmic rays,originating from stars,supernovae,and other astrophysical sources,are composed of highenergy particles that enter Earth’s atmosphere.Upon interaction with atmospheric nuclei,these primary cosmic rays generate secondary particles,including neutrons,electrons,and muons,with muons constituting a dominant component at ground level.Muons,due to their relative abundance,stability,and well-characterized energy loss mechanisms,serve as critical probes for investigating the fundamental properties of cosmic rays.Studies of muon energy distribution,diurnal anisotropy,and their modulation by solar activity provide critical insights into the mechanism of particle acceleration in cosmic ray sources and the effects of solar and atmospheric.This study aims to characterize the counting spectra and anisotropic properties of cosmic ray muons by using a plastic scintillator detector system.The experiment was conducted over a three-month period,from December 2023 to February 2024,leveraging long-bar plastic scintillator detectors equipped with dual-end photomultiplier tubes(PMTs)and a high-resolution digital data acquisition system.A dual-end coincidence measurement technique was used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio by suppressing thermal noise and other background interferences.Comprehensive calibration of the detection system was performed using standard gamma-ray sources,including 137Cs,60Co,and 40K,thereby ensuring precise energy scaling and reliable performance.The observed energy spectra of cosmic ray muons are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions,which explains the energy losses caused by muons passing through the detector.Diurnal variations in muon count rates exhibit a pronounced pattern,with a systematic reduction occurring between 8:00 AM and 1:00 PM.This phenomenon is attributed to the solar shielding effects,where enhanced solar activity during daytime hours modulates the flux of galactic cosmic rays reaching Earth’s surface.To account for atmospheric influences,meteorological correcti

关 键 词：宇宙线 缪子 各向异性 塑料闪烁体 太阳调制效应 

分 类 号：O57[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]