郑和下西洋与“郑和大交换”  

Zheng He's Voyages to the West and“Zheng He Exchange”

作　　者：邹振环[1] Zou Zhenhuan

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系

出　　处：《历史教学(下半月)》2025年第1期5-21,共17页History Teaching

基　　金：故宫博物院2021年开放课题“互鉴与自信:明清紫禁城与东西文化交流”的阶段性成果;中国青少年发展基金会梅赛德斯—奔驰星愿基金的资助。

摘　　要：作者借助“哥伦布大交换”这一概念,提出在全球网路形成之前,郑和下西洋打通亚非印度洋世界,构建区域贸易和文化网络,为全球网路的启动作了重要的准备。郑和与明初人员、物品、物种和技术的流动,构成了大航海时代前具有巨大意义的区域交换,多为研究者所忽略。本文以郑和船队输出的青花瓷外销所激发的贸易活力、下西洋期间引进的异域动物、输入中国的“西洋”奇花异树的形态和生态记载,以及大交换所体现的多种知识信息的交流,提出了“郑和大交换”的特点及其给全球贸易拓展带来的意义。“郑和大交换”尝试不把某一国家或地区的兴盛与衰落、繁荣与凋敝、开放与封闭直接归因于某些单一因素,而是强调区域、国家和群体之间的交互关系,真正提倡并践行了一种不同于以西方中心主义为基础提出的“哥伦布大交换”或“库克大交换”的观点,亦不取以“华夷”天朝史观的民族国家之历史叙事,进而展示出一幅人类文明从区域到全球跨文化大交换的宏阔画面。With the help of the concept of“Columbus Exchange”,the author proposes that before the formation of the global networked roads,Zheng He's voyages to the West had the ability to open up the Asian,African and Indian Ocean worlds and build a regional trade and cultural network,which made important preparations for the launch of the global networked roads.The flow of people,goods,species,and technology between Zheng He and the early Ming Dynasty constituted a regional exchange of great significance before the Age of Discovery,which was mostly ignored by researchers.Based on the trade vitality stimulated by the export of blue and white porcelain exported by Zheng He's fleet,the exotic animals introduced during the voyages to the West,the records and practices of the morphology and ecology of exotic flowers and trees imported into China,and the exchange of various knowledge and information embodied in the Great Exchange,this paper puts forward the characteristics of the“Zheng He Exchange”and its significance to the expansion of global trade.It attempts not to directly attribute the prosperity and decline,prosperity and withering,openness and closure of a certain country or region to some single factor,but emphasises the interaction between regions,countries and groups,really advocated and practised a view that is not exactly equivalent to the“Columbian Exchange”or“Cook Exchange”based on Western-centrism,it shows a grand picture of the great cross-cultural exchange of human civilisation from regional to global.

关 键 词：郑和下西洋 郑和大交换 区域贸易 全球网路 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]