从乡里到京邑:南朝“寒微士人”的城乡流动与仕宦取径  

From the Countryside to the Capital:The Urban and Rural Mobility of the“Lower Nobility”in the Southern Dynasty and their Path to Official Career

作　　者：李磊[1] Li Lei

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系

出　　处：《历史教学(下半月)》2025年第1期22-34,共13页History Teaching

摘　　要：魏晋士族以对乡里社会的控制为其权力基础。两晋之际南渡的侨姓高门丧失了乡里基础,以建康等都邑为聚居地。南方乡里的寒人地主,借元嘉二十七年确定士族身份的七条准则的颁行,通过伪冒世系的方式自列于“寒微士人”。“寒微士人”为士族的最底层,以流外官起家,具有升任流内卑官的资格。新兴的“寒微士人”为了在文化上向高门士族看齐,也为了在政治上寻求仕宦机会,离开乡里,汇聚到京邑建康。齐梁易代后,聚集到京邑之数量庞大的“寒微士人”成为萧梁王朝须解决的社会问题。梁武帝以入学的方式将汇聚于建康的士人吸纳到体制内,并给予他们入仕的通道“。寒微士人”的做派与高门士族的素退之风有别,他们以积极交游求谒的方式求取入仕机会,并借助舆论力量影响选举。然而,建康朝廷尚未完成对“寒微士人”的政治吸纳,便在侯景之乱中崩溃。聚集于京邑的寒士,成了江左王朝政治动荡的殉葬品。The Wei and Jin aristocrats based their power on control over rural society.At the time of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,the noble nobility of the north surnamed Gaomen who crossed Yangtze River lost their village foundation and settled in the capital city such as Jiankang.In the rural areas of the south,the landlords were listed as“Lower Nobility”by pretending to be of noble lineage through the promulgation of the seven criteria for determining their noble status in the 27th year of the Yuanjia era(450 AD).The“Lower Nobility”were the lowest level of the aristocratic family,starting from officials outside the ranks and possessing the qualification to be promoted to lower ranking officials within the ranks.The emerging“Lower Nobility”left the countryside and gathered in the capital to build a prosperous society,in order to align with the aristocratic family in terms of culture and seek political opportunities.After the change of the Qi and Liang dynasties,the large number of“Lower Nobility”gathered in the capital became a social problem that the Xiao Liang Dynasty needed to solve.Emperor Wu of Liang recruited the scholars who gathered in Jiankang into the system through enrollment and provided them with channels to enter the government.The demeanor of“Lower Nobility”was different from the simple retreat style of the high-ranking aristocrats.They actively seek opportunities to enter politics through social interaction and pay respects,and used the power of public opinion to influence elections.However,the Jiankang court had not yet completed the political absorption of“Lower Nobility”and collapsed in the Hou Jing Rebellion.The poor“Lower Nobility”gathered in the capital became the burial objects of political turmoil in the Jiangzuo Dynasties.

关 键 词：“寒微士人” 乡里 京邑 社会流动 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]