城乡矛盾:日本江户时代的城市建设与人员身份变动  

The Conflict between Urban and Rural Areas:Urban Construction and Personnel Identity Changes in Edo Japan

作　　者：周瑛 Zhou Ying

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学外国语学院

出　　处：《历史教学(下半月)》2025年第1期35-46,共12页History Teaching

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地“文艺批评研究院”资助。

摘　　要：江户时代初期,一大批城市在和平稳定的环境中产生、发展与壮大。武士因兵农分离制度彻底从乡村移居城市,转型为行政管理者以及依靠一技之长谋生的城市居民。一部分农民在农闲期奔赴城市成为季节性打工人,一部分农民则逃离乡村成为城市底层劳动力。这些人员的城市聚拢促进了城市化,促使阶级制度趋于稳固。然而,农村人员移动在一定程度上阻碍了农业发展,使得城市化与发展农业这两项幕府举措陷入矛盾状态。幕府允许一定比例农村人员外出务工的调整措施实际上是解消这一矛盾的尝试,也是适应城市化与社会结构变迁的结果。In the early Edo period,a large number of cities emerged,developed and expanded in a peaceful and stable environment.In the process,Samurai moved from the countryside to the cities due to the separation of soldiers and peasants,becoming administrators or urban residents who relied on their own skills to make a living.Some peasants,at the same time,went to the city to become seasonal workers during the slack seasons of farming,while others fled the countryside only to become part of the bottom labor force in the city.The urban agglomeration of these people contributed to urban construction and the stabilization of the class system.However,the movement of some rural people hindered the development of agriculture to a certain extent,which made urbanization and agriculturalism,two shogunate measures that were mutually complementary,fall into a contradictory state.In fact,the adjustment of the shogunate's decree to allow a certain proportion of people to go out for work was an attempt to solve this contradiction,and it was also the result of adapting to urbanization and social structure changes.

关 键 词：城市化 武士 农民 农耕主义 身份变动 

分 类 号：K313[历史地理—历史学]