中世纪英国高等海事法院的兴起及其影响  

The Rise and Influence of the High Admiralty Court in Medieval England

作　　者：邵政达 Shao Zhengda

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学历史文化与旅游学院

出　　处：《历史教学(下半月)》2025年第1期65-78,共14页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“英帝国海洋法制建设与治理模式研究(1763—1889)”(项目编号:24BSS014);江苏省社科基金重点项目“19世纪英国维护海上权益的法制建设”(项目编号:23LSA003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：英国高等海事法院起源于海军上将的海事司法管辖权。1360年,英国通过《布勒丁尼和约》获得大片法国沿海领地和港口,爱德华三世任命波尚为独一海军上将,并在委任状中授予其海事司法权和任命副手代理司法事务之权。这一年通常被视为高等海事法院正式建立的年份。此后,高等海事法院管辖权迅速扩张,损害了普通法法院和市镇法院等具有海事管辖权的传统司法机构,引发了管辖权之争。理查二世和亨利四世不得不出面调解,先后颁布三部法令对高等海事法院的管辖权进行限制。中世纪高等海事法院的兴起在弥补本土法律救济不足、推动英国海商法发展、加强英国海权和构建海洋治理体系等方面产生了积极影响。The High Admiralty Court of England originated from Admiral's maritime jurisdiction.In the 1360,the British gained a large part of French coastal territory and ports through the Treaty of Bredini,and the EdwardⅢappointed John de Beauchamp as the sole admiral,and in the Royal Patent of appointment to its maritime jurisdiction and appointment of"Deputy"the right to act on behalf of judicial affairs.This year is generally regarded as the year in which the High Admiralty Court was formally established.Since then,the jurisdiction of the High Admiralty Court has expanded rapidly,to the detriment of the common law courts and municipal courts and other traditional judicial institutions with maritime jurisdiction,leading to jurisdiction disputes.RichardⅡand HenryⅣhad to mediate,issuing three acts limiting the jurisdiction of the High Admiralty Court.The rise of the High Admiralty Court in the Middle Ages has had a positive impact on making up for the lack of domestic legal remedies,promoting the development of the British admiralty law,strengthening the British sea power and constructing the maritime governance system.

关 键 词：高等海事法院 海军上将 海洋治理 中世纪英国 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]