英国议会圈地中的信托应用  

The Application of Trust in the English Parliamentary Enclosure

作　　者：孙小娇 Sun Xiaojiao

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《历史教学(下半月)》2025年第1期79-94,共16页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“工业化时期英国地权冲突及立法治理研究”(项目编号:24CSS023)的阶段性研究成果;2021年山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划“工业化时期英国地权变革与国家治理”(项目编号:2021RW004)资助。

摘　　要：议会圈地是近代英国民众实现地权变革及资源配置的重要方式,18世纪后半叶到19世纪上半叶是议会圈地的波峰期。议会圈地的法律特征是产权人申请议会立法,获得授权进行圈地,主观上满足了产权人个性化需求。议会圈地的内部特征是明确并重置产权以提高效率,客观上推动了土地要素配置。在议会圈地的实践中,即便是由产权人自愿发起的地权重置仍然困顿重重。产权人借助信托完成圈地,突破了圈地的诸多限制,加速了议会圈地的推进。信托的使用与圈地的规模基本呈正相关。圈地法案作为议会对民众产权变更诉求的回应,反映了变革时期英国国家治理的思路及特点。Parliamentary enclosure was a crucial way for the British public to realize property rights reform and resource allocation in modern times.The peak period of parliamentary enclosure occurred from the latter half of the 18th century to the first half of the 19th century.The legal characteristic of the parliamentary enclosure was that the proprietors applied for legislation by the parliament to obtain authorization for the enclosure,which satisfied the proprietors'individualized needs subjectively.The internal feature of the parliamentary enclosure was the clarification and redistribution of property rights to increase efficiency,which objectively promoted the allocation of land factors.In the practice of parliamentary enclosure,even if the reset of land rights was initiated by the proprietors themselves,they still faced numerous difficulties.The proprietors completed the enclosure through the assistance of trusts,which overcame many restrictions and accelerated its promotion.The use of trusts in enclosure positively correlated with the scale of enclosure.In response to the demands of the public for changes in property rights,the enclosure acts illustrated the line of thoughts and characteristics of state governance during a transformation age.

关 键 词：英国议会圈地 信托 圈地法案 地权变革 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]