进口竞争、企业组织形式与生产率增长差异  

Import Competition,Forms of Firm Organization,and Total Factor Productivity Growth Gaps

作　　者：魏浩[1] 封起扬帆 WEI Hao;FENG Qiyangfan(Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,100875

出　　处：《经济学动态》2025年第1期61-77,共17页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“积极扩大进口对加快构建新发展格局的影响与对策研究”(23ZDA050)。

摘　　要：关于进口竞争与企业生产率的已有研究,主要将具有独立法人资格的企业视为单独样本,忽视了大量企业集团的存在及其附属企业之间的非市场行为。本文通过将企业组织形式纳入国际贸易与企业生产率的研究范式,重新审视了进口竞争与企业生产率的关系,考察了进口竞争对企业集团生产率的影响机制。研究发现,进口竞争显著提高了制造业企业的生产率,但是,与单一企业相比,对企业集团生产率的影响较大。从影响机制来看,进口竞争加速了企业集团内部的资源配置优化进程,促使企业集团将资源向高生产率附属企业配置,从而实现生产率提高较快,与此同时,企业集团内部存在“牺牲效应”和“创造效应”,为了应对进口竞争,低生产率附属企业更容易退出市场,企业集团也更有能力新成立高生产率附属企业。进一步研究发现,进口竞争对非国有企业集团、多地经营企业集团、多行业企业集团的影响较大。本文揭示了企业集团在应对外部竞争时的动态调整路径,为我国更好应对进口冲击、加快发展新质生产力、推动经济高质量发展等问题提供了新的政策启示。Recently,the Chinese government has put forward the working objective of accelerating the development of new quality productive forces,which puts higher demands on the growth of total factor productivity(TFP).At the same time,China is actively promoting the opening-up at a high level,lowering various trade barriers,and attempting to promote high-quality economic growth through wider market opening.The further expansion of imports will undoubtedly intensify the market competition faced by domestic firms.So far,studies have extensively explored the productivity performance of firms in the context of import competition.In China,about 29.17%of firms are group-affiliated,and the economic performance of these firms is exceptional.However,little literature has focused on this type of firm.This paper introduces the concept of the organizational form of firms into the paradigm of the study of trade shocks and firms'productivity,and investigates the differences in the changes in TFP between group-affiliated and unaffiliated firms in the context of import competition.Specifically,this paper firstly theoretically analyzes the strategic coping channels of business groups under import competition from the perspectives of internal factor market allocation and organizational restructuring based on the unique characteristics of business groups,and focuses on the differences between group-affiliated and non-affiliated firms.Secondly,this paper uses the data from the China Industrial Enterprise Database and the information on business group affiliation provided by the“Qichacha”platform to construct a new large-scale database that distinguishes between firms of different organizational forms.The statistics show that group-affiliated firms have better TFP than non-affiliated firms,and most of the employment,exports,and output in the market are contributed by group-affiliated firms.Thirdly,this paper investigates the difference in productivity growth between business groups and non-affiliated firms under import competition using a

关 键 词：进口竞争 企业集团 单一企业 全要素生产率 集团附属企业 

分 类 号：F752.61[经济管理—国际贸易] F272.9[经济管理—产业经济]