当代西方代议民主制下中产阶级激进主义论析  

Middle Class Radicalism in Contemporary Western Representative Democracies

作　　者：高春芽[1] Gao Chunya

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学政治与行政学院,天津市300380

出　　处：《政治学研究》2025年第1期93-107,189,共16页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“当代西方民粹主义兴起背景下的政党体制代表性问题研究”(20BZZ008)的研究成果。

摘　　要：有关西方现代化进程的主流理论倾向于认为,中产阶级是温和保守的社会力量。富有实用主义精神的中产阶级,能够将政治激进主义边缘化,促进代议民主和资本主义之间的相互支持。随着20世纪70年代新社会运动的爆发和90年代激进右翼政党的兴起,中产阶级先后从左翼和右翼两个不同的方向冲击了代议民主制度。后工业社会中产阶级规模的扩张,形成了物质主义和后物质主义的价值观冲突。由于生态、性别等社会文化议题难以通过主流政党获得充分代表,所以中产阶级转向了非制度化的抗议行动。新自由主义全球化对民族国家保护能力的削弱,导致失去主流政党庇佑的中产阶级出现了无产化的趋势;阶层地位焦虑和移民文化冲击的叠加效应,使其成为激进右翼政党的支持者。源于社会结构转型和全球化潮流的内外作用,中产阶级激进主义显示了主流政党的代表性断裂,对代议民主制度的重构产生了重要影响。The dominant theories about the Western modernization process tend to consider the middle class as a moderate and conservative social force.The pragmatic middle class is able to marginalize political radicalism,and promote mutual support between representative democracy and capitalism.With the outbreak of new social movements in the 1970s and the rise of radical right-wing parties in the 1990s,the middle class has successively impacted representative democracy from both the left and the right.The expansion of the size of the middle class in post-industrial society has created a conflict of values between materialism and post-materialism.Since social and cultural issues,such as ecology and gender,are difficult to be adequately represented through mainstream political parties,the middle class has turned to non-institutionalized protest actions.The weakening of nationstates'protection ability by neoliberal globalization has led to a trend of proletarianization among those middle classes,who have lost the shelter of mainstream political parties.The overlapping effects of class status anxiety and immigrant culture shock,have made them supporters of radical right-wing parties.Due to the internal and external effects of social structural transformation and globalization,middle class radicalism shows the rupture of representativeness of mainstream political parties,and plays an important impact on the reconsitution of representative democracy system.

关 键 词：代议民主 中产阶级激进主义 新社会运动 激进右翼政党 

分 类 号：D034[政治法律—政治学] D01