2017—2021年长沙市居民损伤和中毒死亡情况分析  

Analysis of injuries and poisoning deaths among residents in Changsha City from 2017 to 2021

作　　者：赵锦[1] 胡伟红[1] 周银柱[1] 陈水连[1] 邱劲松 ZHAO Jin;HU Weihong;ZHOU Yinzhu;CHEN Shuilian;QIU Jinsong(Department of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changsha,Hunan 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制科,湖南长沙410000

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2025年第1期21-25,30,共6页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ40285)。

摘　　要：目的分析2017—2021年长沙市现住居民损伤和中毒死亡特征及去死因期望寿命,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法运用描述性统计法分析比较粗死亡率、标化死亡率、平均年度变化百分比(average annual percent change,AAPC)、去死因期望寿命等指标评价死亡情况。趋势检验采用双侧t检验,组间比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2017—2021年长沙市现住居民损伤和中毒年均粗死亡率、标化死亡率分别为36.09/10万、35.15/10万。2017—2021年男性粗死亡率和标化死亡率均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)_(粗死亡率)=404.181、316.359、210.612、236.338、281.160,P<0.05;χ^(2)_(标化死亡率)=388.137、296.101、195.096、222.768、223.019,P<0.05);不同年份全人群损伤和中毒的粗死亡率和标化死亡率均呈下降趋势(t=-5.691、-4.974,均P<0.05)。5~<15岁儿童死亡率最低,≥5岁人群死亡率随年龄增长而上升。2021年去损伤和中毒死因后,男性期望寿命增加0.94岁,女性增加0.57岁。结论机动车交通事故是长沙市损伤和中毒死亡的主要亚死因,造成较大期望寿命损失。要针对不同人群的机动车交通事故、意外跌落、溺水和自杀的亚死因,采取不同的干预措施,以减少死亡的发生。Objective To analyze the characteristics of injuries and poisoning deaths and cause-eliminated life expectancy of the current residents in Changsha City from 2017 to 2021,and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and compare the crude mortality rate,standardized mortality rate,average annual percent change(AAPC),cause-eliminated life expectancy indicators etcetera to evaluate deaths.The trend test was performed using two-sided t test,and the comparison between groups was performed using theχ^(2)test.Results The average annual crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of injury and poisoning among current residents in Changsha City from 2107 to 2021 were 36.09/100000 and 35.15/100000,respectively.From 2017 to 2021,the crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of males were higher than those of females,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)_(crude mortality rate)=404.181,316.359,210.612,236.338,281.160,P<0.05;χ^(2)_(standardized mortality rate)=388.137,296.101,195.096,222.768,223.019,P<0.05).The crude mortality rate and standardized mortality rate of injury and poisoning in the whole population in different years showed a downward trend(t=-5.691,-4.974,both P<0.05).The mortality rate was lowest among children aged 5-<15 years,and the mortality rate increased with age in people aged≥5 years.After the causes of death of injury and poisoning were removed in 2021,the life expectancy of males increased by 0.94 years old and that of females increased by 0.57 years old.Conclusion Motor vehicle traffic accidents are the main sub-causes of injury and poisoning deaths in Changsha City,resulting in a greater loss of life expectancy.Different interventions should be taken to reduce the occurrence of deaths for different populations by targeting the sub-causes of deaths of motor vehicle traffic accidents,accidental falls,drowning,and suicide.

关 键 词：损伤和中毒 粗死亡率 标化死亡率 平均年度变化百分比 去死因期望寿命 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]