空间引力波探测中的时间延迟干涉技术  

Time-delay interferometry for space-borne gravitational wave detection

作　　者：王盼盼 赵鑫磊 吴张启 杨子江 邵成刚[1] WANG PanPan;ZHAO XinLei;WU ZhangQi;YANG ZiJiang;SHAO ChengGang(Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics,MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement,National Precise Gravity Measurement Facility,School of Physics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学物理学院,精密重力测量国家重大科技基础设施,基本物理量测量教育部重点实验室,引力与量子物理湖北省重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《中国科学:物理学、力学、天文学》2025年第3期140-154,共15页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2022YFC2204602);国家自然科学基金(编号:11925503)资助项目。

摘　　要：空间引力波探测将打开地面难以探测的0.1 mHz-1 Hz频段新窗口,有望为研究天体物理学与早期宇宙过程相关的基本物理提供关键信息.然而,引力波信号极其微弱,探测过程中的任何噪声都有可能淹没引力波信号,因此,压制噪声是成功探测引力波的关键.目前,激光频率噪声和时钟抖动噪声比典型的引力波强度约大7和3个数量级,这两大主要噪声源,短期内不能在实验技术上直接突破仪器物理限制,需要利用将数据延时再组合的时间延迟干涉(TDI)技术进行压制.本文将介绍获取多类型TDI组合的方法,包括求解不定方程的代数法和符号搜索的几何法;在多类型TDI的基础上,分析借助时钟边带比对技术构造独立测量数据降低时钟抖动噪声的方法;最后,给出不同类型TDI组合的灵敏度函数,用于评估TDI组合的灵敏度极限.Space-borne gravitational wave detection will open a new window in the 0.1 mHz-1 Hz frequency band which is difficult to detect on the ground.It is expected to provide crucial information for studying basic physics related to astrophysics and early universe processes.However,gravitational wave signals are extremely weak.Any noise during the detection process may overwhelm the gravitational wave signal.Therefore,suppressing noise is the key to successfully detecting gravitational waves.At present,the laser frequency noise and clock noise are about seven and three orders of magnitude larger than the typical gravitational wave intensity.For these two major noise sources,the physical limitations of instru-ments cannot be directly broken through in experimental technology in the short term.Thus,the time-delay interferometry(TDI)technique is employed for suppression through the delay and combination of the data stream.This paper will intro-duce methods for obtaining multiple types of TDI combinations,including the algebraic method of solving indeterminate equations and the geometric method of symbolic search.Based on multiple types of TDI,the method of constructing independent measurement data by means of clock sideband comparison technology to reduce clock noise will be analyzed.Finally,the sensitivity functions of different types of TDI combinations are given to evaluate the sensitivity limit of TDI combinations.

关 键 词：空间引力波探测器 激光频率噪声 时钟抖动噪声 时间延迟干涉(TDI)技术 

分 类 号：P142.84[天文地球—天体物理] P111[天文地球—天文学]